Programming under the influence: On the effect of Heat, Noise, and Alcohol on novice programmers

• Published in: The Journal of systems and software Vol. 210; p. 111887
• Main Authors: Brabrand, Claus, Inie, Nanna, Tell, Paolo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.04.2024
• Subjects: Cognitive performance; Environmental stressors; Physical stressors; Programming; Software engineering; Programming; Cognitive performance; Physical stressors; Environmental stressors; Software engineering
• ISSN: 0164-1212
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.111887

When humans are exposed to environmental and physical stressors, cognitive performance is degraded. Even though several studies have examined the effect of various stressors individually, there are limited studies comparing the impact of different types. This study examined the effects of Heat, Noise, and Alcohol on cognitive performance during two programming tasks to quantify the impact of stressors on novice programmers. The experiment enrolled N=100 university student volunteers for a between-subjects experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (M=25): a room with at 38 °C (100°F), a room with conversational noise around 80 dBA, a blood alcohol content of 1.0‰, or a base condition. Two programming tasks were administered: one analysis task (reading programs) and one synthesis task (writing programs), taking about half an hour to complete in total. Short-term exposure to heat appears to not significantly affect neither reading nor writing programs; conversational noise significantly impacts analytical tasks but not synthesis tasks; while alcohol significantly worsens performance in both analytical and synthesis tasks. To provide a tangible summary for decision-makers able to influence conditions for novice programmers, an approximated comparison is provided, which “translates” negative cognitive effects of heat, noise, and alcohol to one another. [Display omitted] •Impact from heat, noise, and alcohol on programming can be approximately compared.•Decision makers should consider effect of open offices and non-air-conditioned offices.•Novice programmers are capable of (short term) programming in hot environment.•For novice programmers, noise (speech) is worse for reading than writing programs.•Novice programmers both read and write programs significantly worse when intoxicated.