Optimal Charging of Li-Ion Batteries With Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Dynamics
Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective opti...
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| Published in | IEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 66; no. 9; pp. 7761 - 7770 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
IEEE
01.09.2017
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging submodels depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal submodel. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are, therefore, optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol. |
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| AbstractList | Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging submodels depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal submodel. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are, therefore, optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol. |
| Author | Xiaosong Hu Moura, Scott J. Perez, Hector Eduardo Dey, Satadru |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hector Eduardo surname: Perez fullname: Perez, Hector Eduardo email: heperez@berkeley.edu organization: Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 2 surname: Xiaosong Hu fullname: Xiaosong Hu email: xiaosonghu@ieee.org organization: State Key Lab. of Mech. Transmissions, Chongqing Univ., Chongqing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Satadru surname: Dey fullname: Dey, Satadru email: satadru86@berkeley.edu organization: Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Scott J. surname: Moura fullname: Moura, Scott J. email: smoura@berkeley.edu organization: Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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| SubjectTerms | Aging Ambient temperature Applications programs Batteries battery aging Battery management charge control optimization Charging Convection cooling Electric vehicles experimental validation Finite element method Integrated circuit modeling Lithium-ion batteries Mobile computing Multiple objective analysis Nonlinear control Optimal control Optimization Protocols Rechargeable batteries Smartphones Spectral methods State of charge Throughput |
| Title | Optimal Charging of Li-Ion Batteries With Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Dynamics |
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