Optimal Charging of Li-Ion Batteries With Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Dynamics

Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective opti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 66; no. 9; pp. 7761 - 7770
Main Authors Perez, Hector Eduardo, Xiaosong Hu, Dey, Satadru, Moura, Scott J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.09.2017
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Aging
Ambient temperature
Applications programs
Batteries
battery aging
Battery management
charge control optimization
Charging
Convection cooling
Electric vehicles
experimental validation
Finite element method
Integrated circuit modeling
Lithium-ion batteries
Mobile computing
Multiple objective analysis
Nonlinear control
Optimal control
Optimization
Protocols
Rechargeable batteries
Smartphones
Spectral methods
State of charge
Throughput
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Summary:Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially for mobile applications, such as smartphones and electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical and aging submodels depend upon the core temperature captured by a two-state thermal submodel. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method with adaptive multi-mesh-interval collocation is employed to solve the resulting highly nonlinear six-state optimal control problem. Charge time and health degradation are, therefore, optimally traded off, subject to both electrical and thermal constraints. Minimum-time, minimum-aging, and balanced charge scenarios are examined in detail. Sensitivities to the upper voltage bound, ambient temperature, and cooling convection resistance are investigated as well. Experimental results are provided to compare the tradeoffs between a balanced and traditional charge protocol.
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ISSN:0018-9545
1939-9359
DOI:10.1109/TVT.2017.2676044