Forensic 40Ar/ 39Ar dating: a provenance study of Middle Stone Age obsidian artifacts from Ethiopia
Obsidian sourcing based on geochemistry is widely applied to reconstruct commerce patterns and dissemination of early hominid groups. Due to problems concerning potential intra-source variability or homogeneity of a geological source over large areas, parameters additional to this classical approach...
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Published in | Journal of archaeological science Vol. 33; no. 12; pp. 1749 - 1765 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.12.2006
Elsevier Science Elsevier |
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Abstract | Obsidian sourcing based on geochemistry is widely applied to reconstruct commerce patterns and dissemination of early hominid groups. Due to problems concerning potential intra-source variability or homogeneity of a geological source over large areas, parameters additional to this classical approach are desirable. Here we present the first
40Ar/
39Ar investigation of Middle Stone Age (MSA) obsidian artifacts (i.e. debitage pieces) for this purpose, as well as of potential geological obsidian sources from Ethiopia. With the present pilot study we demonstrate that
40Ar/
39Ar geochronology represents a reliable and powerful tool for archaeological provenance studies complementary to the geochemical approach and more recently applied techniques like fission track counting or Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two independent sets of debitage and potential source rock samples were dated by the
40Ar/
39Ar method. Debitage pieces from the Kulkuletti excavation site and obsidian samples from the nearby obsidian outcrop Worja (central Ethiopia) exhibit basically identical age ranges as well as similar Ca/K and Cl/K ratios, supporting the debitage/source rock relationship previously inferred on geochemical grounds. A second small set of geochemically characterized debitage samples from the Porc Epic cave and potential source rocks from an obsidian outcrop at Kone (Eastern Ethiopia) however have different
40Ar/
39Ar ages and Ca/K and Cl/K ratios. These results contradict the previous conclusion about a debitage/source rock relationship of the Porc Epic and Kone samples made on the basis of geochemistry [A. Negash, M.S. Shackley, Archaeometry 48 (2006) 1]. Additional sampling at the Kone outcrop as well as of other obsidian occurrences in the greater area is needed to unambiguously pinpoint the origin of these obsidian tools. |
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AbstractList | Obsidian sourcing based on geochemistry is widely applied to reconstruct commerce patterns and dissemination of early hominid groups. Due to problems concerning potential intra-source variability or homogeneity of a geological source over large areas, parameters additional to this classical approach are desirable. Here we present the first
40Ar/
39Ar investigation of Middle Stone Age (MSA) obsidian artifacts (i.e. debitage pieces) for this purpose, as well as of potential geological obsidian sources from Ethiopia. With the present pilot study we demonstrate that
40Ar/
39Ar geochronology represents a reliable and powerful tool for archaeological provenance studies complementary to the geochemical approach and more recently applied techniques like fission track counting or Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two independent sets of debitage and potential source rock samples were dated by the
40Ar/
39Ar method. Debitage pieces from the Kulkuletti excavation site and obsidian samples from the nearby obsidian outcrop Worja (central Ethiopia) exhibit basically identical age ranges as well as similar Ca/K and Cl/K ratios, supporting the debitage/source rock relationship previously inferred on geochemical grounds. A second small set of geochemically characterized debitage samples from the Porc Epic cave and potential source rocks from an obsidian outcrop at Kone (Eastern Ethiopia) however have different
40Ar/
39Ar ages and Ca/K and Cl/K ratios. These results contradict the previous conclusion about a debitage/source rock relationship of the Porc Epic and Kone samples made on the basis of geochemistry [A. Negash, M.S. Shackley, Archaeometry 48 (2006) 1]. Additional sampling at the Kone outcrop as well as of other obsidian occurrences in the greater area is needed to unambiguously pinpoint the origin of these obsidian tools. |
Author | Vogel, Nadia Negash, Agazi Nomade, Sebastien Renne, Paul R. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nadia surname: Vogel fullname: Vogel, Nadia email: nvogel@space.unibe.ch organization: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Sebastien surname: Nomade fullname: Nomade, Sebastien organization: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Agazi surname: Negash fullname: Negash, Agazi organization: Laboratory for Human Evolution Studies, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul R. surname: Renne fullname: Renne, Paul R. organization: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA |
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Keywords | Middle Stone Age 40Ar/ 39Ar dating Obsidian Sourcing Kulkuletti Porc Epic Ethiopia Study Geochronology 40Ar/39Ar dating Tools Debitage Source Trade well Technique Pore Epic Dating Hominid Age Tool |
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SubjectTerms | 40Ar/ 39Ar dating Continental interfaces, environment Ethiopia Kulkuletti Metal industry Methodology and general studies Middle Stone Age Obsidian Ocean, Atmosphere Porc Epic Prehistory and protohistory Sciences of the Universe Sourcing Typology, technology and attribute analysis |
TemporalSubjectTerms | Middle Stone Age Early Middle Palaeolithic Classic |
Title | Forensic 40Ar/ 39Ar dating: a provenance study of Middle Stone Age obsidian artifacts from Ethiopia |
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