Population structure and conservation of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola in a West African rainforest area
Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There is limited information on the ecology of both species which are currently characterised by low yield (fruit). This study investigated the infl...
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Published in | African journal of ecology Vol. 62; no. 1 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Nairobi
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2024
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There is limited information on the ecology of both species which are currently characterised by low yield (fruit). This study investigated the influences of vegetation type on the population structure and floral association of both species in Nigeria. Data were collected using a purposive sampling design. Dendrometric variables of all the subject trees were measured, and all plant species associated with the subject tree species were enumerated across their places of natural occurrence. A 3‐parameter Weibull Distribution Function was used to describe both species' diameter and height structures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 84 and 71 plant species were found accompanying G. kola and C. nitida, respectively, in both zones. The height and stem diameter distribution of the two species showed a bell‐shape population structure, suggesting an unstable demographic pattern. The diameter distribution is skewed to the right, indicating the predominance of adult individuals. The height–diameter relationships show a monotonic increment. Both species coexist freely with other species and can be used in agroforestry practices.
Résumé
Les espèces d'arbres à usages multiples originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest, notamment Cola nitida et Garcinia kola, sont susceptibles de faire progresser les pratiques agroforestières dans la sous‐région. Il existe peu d'informations sur l'écologie de ces deux espèces dont le rendement sur le plan des fruits est actuellement faible. La présente étude a examiné les influences du type de végétation sur la structure de la population et l'association florale des deux espèces au Nigéria. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un échantillonnage ciblé. Les variables dendrométriques de tous les arbres étudiés ont été mesurées et toutes les espèces végétales associées aux espèces d'arbres étudiées ont été recensées dans leurs lieux de présence naturelle. Une fonction de distribution de Weibull à 3 paramètres a été utilisée pour la description des structures de diamètre et de hauteur des deux espèces. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et inférentielles. Au total, 84 et 71 espèces végétales ont été trouvées accompagnant G. kola et C. nitida respectivement dans les deux zones. La distribution de la hauteur et du diamètre des tiges des deux espèces a montré une structure démographique en forme de cloche, ce qui suggère un modèle démographique instable. La distribution des diamètres est asymétrique vers la droite, ce qui indique que les individus adultes sont prédominants. En ce qui concerne les relations hauteur‐diamètre, on observe une augmentation monotone. Les deux espèces coexistent librement avec d'autres espèces et peuvent être utilisées dans des pratiques agroforestières. |
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AbstractList | Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There is limited information on the ecology of both species which are currently characterised by low yield (fruit). This study investigated the influences of vegetation type on the population structure and floral association of both species in Nigeria. Data were collected using a purposive sampling design. Dendrometric variables of all the subject trees were measured, and all plant species associated with the subject tree species were enumerated across their places of natural occurrence. A 3‐parameter Weibull Distribution Function was used to describe both species' diameter and height structures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 84 and 71 plant species were found accompanying G. kola and C. nitida, respectively, in both zones. The height and stem diameter distribution of the two species showed a bell‐shape population structure, suggesting an unstable demographic pattern. The diameter distribution is skewed to the right, indicating the predominance of adult individuals. The height–diameter relationships show a monotonic increment. Both species coexist freely with other species and can be used in agroforestry practices. Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There is limited information on the ecology of both species which are currently characterised by low yield (fruit). This study investigated the influences of vegetation type on the population structure and floral association of both species in Nigeria. Data were collected using a purposive sampling design. Dendrometric variables of all the subject trees were measured, and all plant species associated with the subject tree species were enumerated across their places of natural occurrence. A 3‐parameter Weibull Distribution Function was used to describe both species' diameter and height structures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 84 and 71 plant species were found accompanying G. kola and C. nitida, respectively, in both zones. The height and stem diameter distribution of the two species showed a bell‐shape population structure, suggesting an unstable demographic pattern. The diameter distribution is skewed to the right, indicating the predominance of adult individuals. The height–diameter relationships show a monotonic increment. Both species coexist freely with other species and can be used in agroforestry practices. Résumé Les espèces d'arbres à usages multiples originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest, notamment Cola nitida et Garcinia kola, sont susceptibles de faire progresser les pratiques agroforestières dans la sous‐région. Il existe peu d'informations sur l'écologie de ces deux espèces dont le rendement sur le plan des fruits est actuellement faible. La présente étude a examiné les influences du type de végétation sur la structure de la population et l'association florale des deux espèces au Nigéria. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un échantillonnage ciblé. Les variables dendrométriques de tous les arbres étudiés ont été mesurées et toutes les espèces végétales associées aux espèces d'arbres étudiées ont été recensées dans leurs lieux de présence naturelle. Une fonction de distribution de Weibull à 3 paramètres a été utilisée pour la description des structures de diamètre et de hauteur des deux espèces. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et inférentielles. Au total, 84 et 71 espèces végétales ont été trouvées accompagnant G. kola et C. nitida respectivement dans les deux zones. La distribution de la hauteur et du diamètre des tiges des deux espèces a montré une structure démographique en forme de cloche, ce qui suggère un modèle démographique instable. La distribution des diamètres est asymétrique vers la droite, ce qui indique que les individus adultes sont prédominants. En ce qui concerne les relations hauteur‐diamètre, on observe une augmentation monotone. Les deux espèces coexistent librement avec d'autres espèces et peuvent être utilisées dans des pratiques agroforestières. Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There is limited information on the ecology of both species which are currently characterised by low yield (fruit). This study investigated the influences of vegetation type on the population structure and floral association of both species in Nigeria. Data were collected using a purposive sampling design. Dendrometric variables of all the subject trees were measured, and all plant species associated with the subject tree species were enumerated across their places of natural occurrence. A 3‐parameter Weibull Distribution Function was used to describe both species' diameter and height structures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 84 and 71 plant species were found accompanying G. kola and C. nitida , respectively, in both zones. The height and stem diameter distribution of the two species showed a bell‐shape population structure, suggesting an unstable demographic pattern. The diameter distribution is skewed to the right, indicating the predominance of adult individuals. The height–diameter relationships show a monotonic increment. Both species coexist freely with other species and can be used in agroforestry practices. Les espèces d'arbres à usages multiples originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest, notamment Cola nitida et Garcinia kola , sont susceptibles de faire progresser les pratiques agroforestières dans la sous‐région. Il existe peu d'informations sur l'écologie de ces deux espèces dont le rendement sur le plan des fruits est actuellement faible. La présente étude a examiné les influences du type de végétation sur la structure de la population et l'association florale des deux espèces au Nigéria. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un échantillonnage ciblé. Les variables dendrométriques de tous les arbres étudiés ont été mesurées et toutes les espèces végétales associées aux espèces d'arbres étudiées ont été recensées dans leurs lieux de présence naturelle. Une fonction de distribution de Weibull à 3 paramètres a été utilisée pour la description des structures de diamètre et de hauteur des deux espèces. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et inférentielles. Au total, 84 et 71 espèces végétales ont été trouvées accompagnant G. kola et C. nitida respectivement dans les deux zones. La distribution de la hauteur et du diamètre des tiges des deux espèces a montré une structure démographique en forme de cloche, ce qui suggère un modèle démographique instable. La distribution des diamètres est asymétrique vers la droite, ce qui indique que les individus adultes sont prédominants. En ce qui concerne les relations hauteur‐diamètre, on observe une augmentation monotone. Les deux espèces coexistent librement avec d'autres espèces et peuvent être utilisées dans des pratiques agroforestières. |
Author | Kanu, Chidozie Agwu, Onyebuchi Patrick Stefan, Porembski Jimoh, Saka Oladunni Bakayoko, Adama Ogana, Friday Nwabueze |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Onyebuchi Patrick orcidid: 0000-0001-8044-0740 surname: Agwu fullname: Agwu, Onyebuchi Patrick email: agwu.o@edu.wascal.org organization: Osun State University – sequence: 2 givenname: Adama surname: Bakayoko fullname: Bakayoko, Adama organization: Université Nangui Abrogoua – sequence: 3 givenname: Saka Oladunni surname: Jimoh fullname: Jimoh, Saka Oladunni organization: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University – sequence: 4 givenname: Friday Nwabueze surname: Ogana fullname: Ogana, Friday Nwabueze organization: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University – sequence: 5 givenname: Chidozie surname: Kanu fullname: Kanu, Chidozie organization: Michael Okpara University of Agriculture – sequence: 6 givenname: Porembski surname: Stefan fullname: Stefan, Porembski organization: University of Rostock |
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Cites_doi | 10.3362/9781780443737 10.2307/3668714 10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028996.92553.ea 10.1007/s11056-007-9054-7 10.1080/24749508.2018.1525671 10.1007/s11676‐020‐01269‐6 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.19.556083 10.1155/2015/648415 10.1073/pnas.6.6.275 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb05412.x 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00820 10.1007/s10531-005-2088-2 10.1007/s10668-012-9399-8 10.1007/s13595-014-0369-1 10.1007/s10457-010-9366-z 10.4236/ojf.2014.45058 10.1016/B978-0-12-375688-6.10025-8 10.1023/B:AGFO.0000049433.95038.25 10.15666/aeer/0501_063071 10.1098/rstl.1825.0026 10.1079/9780851991894.0000 10.1115/1.4010337 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03570.x 10.1080/01435698.1992.9752911 10.1007/s10457‐012‐9505‐9 |
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Snippet | Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There... Native multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There... |
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SubjectTerms | adults Agroforestry Body height Cola nitida Diameters distribution Distribution functions diversity Flowers & plants Fruits Garcinia kola Geographical distribution Indigenous species multipurpose trees multi‐purpose trees Nigeria Plant species Plants (botany) Population Population structure rain forests Rainforests Sampling designs Vegetation type Weibull distribution Weibull statistics |
Title | Population structure and conservation of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola in a West African rainforest area |
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