Toward the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study

Remote ice detection has emerged as an application of Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. While antenna-based "RFID" sensing can detect various measurands, antenna-based sensors are not currently designed based on a systematic methodology, and in most cases may have a low sensitivity requiring s...

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Published inIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Vol. 3; pp. 687 - 699
Main Authors Wagih, Mahmoud, Shi, Junjie
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published IEEE 2022
Subjects
antenna gain
Antenna measurements
antenna sensors
Antennas
Ice
ice sensing
impedance matching
materials
Radio frequency
Radiofrequency identification
relative permittivity measurement
Resonators
RF ice sensing
RFID
Sensors
wireless sensing
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Abstract Remote ice detection has emerged as an application of Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. While antenna-based "RFID" sensing can detect various measurands, antenna-based sensors are not currently designed based on a systematic methodology, and in most cases may have a low sensitivity requiring specialist hardware or broadband interrogation signals, incompatible with spectrum regulations. Here, we develop a systematic methodology for designing an antenna-based sensor, applicable to measurands inducing a dielectric change in the near-field of the antenna. The proposed methodology is applied to designing printable antennas as highly-sensitive sensors for detecting and measuring the thickness of ice, demonstrating best-in-class sensory response compared to more complex antenna designs. Antenna design is investigated systematically for wireless interrogation in the 2.4 GHz band, where it is found that a loop antenna outperforms a dipole owing to its more distributed capacitance. The antenna's realized gain was identified as the optimum parameter-under-test, with "positive" sensing proposed as a method of improving linearity and immunity to interference. The developed loop antenna sensor exhibits resilience to interference and applicability to different real-world deployment environments, demonstrated through over 80% average ice thickness measurement accuracy and at least 5 dB real-time sensitivity to ice deposition.
AbstractList Remote ice detection has emerged as an application of Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. While antenna-based "RFID" sensing can detect various measurands, antenna-based sensors are not currently designed based on a systematic methodology, and in most cases may have a low sensitivity requiring specialist hardware or broadband interrogation signals, incompatible with spectrum regulations. Here, we develop a systematic methodology for designing an antenna-based sensor, applicable to measurands inducing a dielectric change in the near-field of the antenna. The proposed methodology is applied to designing printable antennas as highly-sensitive sensors for detecting and measuring the thickness of ice, demonstrating best-in-class sensory response compared to more complex antenna designs. Antenna design is investigated systematically for wireless interrogation in the 2.4 GHz band, where it is found that a loop antenna outperforms a dipole owing to its more distributed capacitance. The antenna's realized gain was identified as the optimum parameter-under-test, with "positive" sensing proposed as a method of improving linearity and immunity to interference. The developed loop antenna sensor exhibits resilience to interference and applicability to different real-world deployment environments, demonstrated through over 80% average ice thickness measurement accuracy and at least 5 dB real-time sensitivity to ice deposition.
Author Wagih, Mahmoud
Shi, Junjie
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Snippet Remote ice detection has emerged as an application of Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. While antenna-based "RFID" sensing can detect various measurands,...
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SubjectTerms antenna gain
Antenna measurements
antenna sensors
Antennas
Ice
ice sensing
impedance matching
materials
Radio frequency
Radiofrequency identification
relative permittivity measurement
Resonators
RF ice sensing
RFID
Sensors
wireless sensing
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Title Toward the Optimal Antenna-Based Wireless Sensing Strategy: An Ice Sensing Case Study
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