Effect of processing routes on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA-based hybrid biocomposite
Due to environmental awareness and depletion of petroleum oil, bioplastics and their composites are one of the most researchable topics throughout the world. Polymers that are produced from renewable sources are expected to be the best alternative to replace conventional polymers. The bottles neck o...
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Published in | Iranian polymer journal Vol. 22; no. 2; pp. 123 - 131 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer-Verlag
01.02.2013
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Abstract | Due to environmental awareness and depletion of petroleum oil, bioplastics and their composites are one of the most researchable topics throughout the world. Polymers that are produced from renewable sources are expected to be the best alternative to replace conventional polymers. The bottles neck of these bioplastics is its cost which limits its application in certain purposes. Bioplastics filled or reinforced with natural fibers can reduce cost and improve properties, like stiffness, strength and toughness of biocomposites. Impact strength and fracture toughness are the main demerits of short fiber-filled biocomposite. On the other hand, when nanoclay, having a very high aspect ratio, is mixed with bioplastics it may significantly affect the thermal and mechanical properties of the final composites. A composite may also suffer dispersion inefficiency, which is considered the key factor to improve the properties. The aim of this paper was to hybridize nanoclay and short kenaf fiber in polylactic acid (PLA) by double extrusion method and followed by mechanical, thermal and morphological characterizations. Mechanical properties showed improvement with nanoclay, specifically the impact strength increased more than 50 % compared with unreinforced PLA. A double extruded composite showed 3–10 % better tensile and flexural properties than the single extruded composite. Similarly, addition of nanoclay increased decomposition and melting temperatures (
T
m
) from 198 to 225 °C and 152 to 155 °C, respectively. Crystallization temperature (
T
c
), however, dropped with nanoclay from 116 to 106 °C and storage modulus (E’) increased by about 1 GPa. These findings were also supported by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron micrograph (TEM) where in double extruded composite a better dispersion of nanoclay was observed. By employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) it was found that higher percentage of crystallinity was obtained while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) displayed new bond formation. The presence of nanoclay enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. |
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AbstractList | Due to environmental awareness and depletion of petroleum oil, bioplastics and their composites are one of the most researchable topics throughout the world. Polymers that are produced from renewable sources are expected to be the best alternative to replace conventional polymers. The bottles neck of these bioplastics is its cost which limits its application in certain purposes. Bioplastics filled or reinforced with natural fibers can reduce cost and improve properties, like stiffness, strength and toughness of biocomposites. Impact strength and fracture toughness are the main demerits of short fiber-filled biocomposite. On the other hand, when nanoclay, having a very high aspect ratio, is mixed with bioplastics it may significantly affect the thermal and mechanical properties of the final composites. A composite may also suffer dispersion inefficiency, which is considered the key factor to improve the properties. The aim of this paper was to hybridize nanoclay and short kenaf fiber in polylactic acid (PLA) by double extrusion method and followed by mechanical, thermal and morphological characterizations. Mechanical properties showed improvement with nanoclay, specifically the impact strength increased more than 50 % compared with unreinforced PLA. A double extruded composite showed 3–10 % better tensile and flexural properties than the single extruded composite. Similarly, addition of nanoclay increased decomposition and melting temperatures (
T
m
) from 198 to 225 °C and 152 to 155 °C, respectively. Crystallization temperature (
T
c
), however, dropped with nanoclay from 116 to 106 °C and storage modulus (E’) increased by about 1 GPa. These findings were also supported by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron micrograph (TEM) where in double extruded composite a better dispersion of nanoclay was observed. By employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) it was found that higher percentage of crystallinity was obtained while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) displayed new bond formation. The presence of nanoclay enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. |
Author | Kaiser, Mohammad R. Razak, Shamsul B. Abdul Anuar, Hazleen B. Samat, Noorasikin B. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammad R. surname: Kaiser fullname: Kaiser, Mohammad R. email: rajib_mme@yahoo.com organization: Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia – sequence: 2 givenname: Hazleen B. surname: Anuar fullname: Anuar, Hazleen B. organization: Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia – sequence: 3 givenname: Noorasikin B. surname: Samat fullname: Samat, Noorasikin B. organization: Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia – sequence: 4 givenname: Shamsul B. Abdul surname: Razak fullname: Razak, Shamsul B. Abdul organization: Crop Improvement and Protection Unit, Production Development Division, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia |
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SubjectTerms | Ceramics Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Composites Glass Natural Materials Original Paper Polymer Sciences |
Title | Effect of processing routes on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA-based hybrid biocomposite |
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