Latest research on the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum
The cerebellum is a small structure of the Central Nervous System that occupies 10% of the total volume of the brain, connecting to the brain and the brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles. Its anatomical division is based on three criteria: midline, fissures, and phylogeny. Based on these crite...
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Published in | Neurology perspectives Vol. 2; no. 1; pp. 34 - 46 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier España, S.L.U
01.01.2022
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Abstract | The cerebellum is a small structure of the Central Nervous System that occupies 10% of the total volume of the brain, connecting to the brain and the brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles. Its anatomical division is based on three criteria: midline, fissures, and phylogeny. Based on these criteria, the cerebellum is divided into three layers (granular, Purkinje, and molecular) that are subdivided into subzones or microcomplexes that form the fractured somatotopy or mosaic. Various studies have reported that the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum have varied throughout evolution in each species, since it has different layers, zones, neurons, interneurons, fibers, deep nuclei, types of glial cells, and lobes in its cortex, which vary depending on the species. For many years, the cerebellum was only classified as a structure related to motor skills (coordination, planning, execution, etc.), but today it is known that it is also involved in sensory, cognitive, emotional, and even autonomic processes. These investigations have expanded the role of the cerebellum in the Nervous System. This review comprises an updated compilation of various investigations on the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum mainly in humans and rodents.
El cerebelo es una pequeña estructura del Sistema Nervioso Central que ocupa el 10% del volumen total del cerebro, conectándose a este y al tronco encefálico a través de los pedúnculos cerebelosos. Su división anatómica se basa en tres criterios: línea media, fisuras y filogenia. Con base a esos criterios el cerebelo se divide en tres capas (granular, Purkinje y molecular) que se subdividen en subzonas o microcomplejos que forman la somatotopía fracturada o de mosaico. Diversos estudios han reportado que la anatomía y la fisiología del cerebelo han variado a lo largo de la evolución en cada especie, pues este presenta en su corteza distintas capas, zonas, neuronas, interneuronas, fibras, núcleos profundos, tipos de células gliales y lóbulos, los cuales varían dependiendo la especie. Durante muchos años, el cerebelo sólo se clasificó como una estructura relacionada con las habilidades motoras (coordinación, planificación, ejecución, etc.), pero actualmente se sabe que también está involucrado en procesos sensoriales, cognitivos, emocionales e incluso autonómicos. Estas investigaciones han permitido ampliar el papel del cerebelo en el Sistema Nervioso. Esta revisión comprende una recopilación actualizada de diversas investigaciones sobre la anatomía y la fisiología del cerebelo principalmente en humanos y roedores. |
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AbstractList | The cerebellum is a small structure of the Central Nervous System that occupies 10% of the total volume of the brain, connecting to the brain and the brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles. Its anatomical division is based on three criteria: midline, fissures, and phylogeny. Based on these criteria, the cerebellum is divided into three layers (granular, Purkinje, and molecular) that are subdivided into subzones or microcomplexes that form the fractured somatotopy or mosaic. Various studies have reported that the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum have varied throughout evolution in each species, since it has different layers, zones, neurons, interneurons, fibers, deep nuclei, types of glial cells, and lobes in its cortex, which vary depending on the species. For many years, the cerebellum was only classified as a structure related to motor skills (coordination, planning, execution, etc.), but today it is known that it is also involved in sensory, cognitive, emotional, and even autonomic processes. These investigations have expanded the role of the cerebellum in the Nervous System. This review comprises an updated compilation of various investigations on the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum mainly in humans and rodents. Resumen: El cerebelo es una pequeña estructura del Sistema Nervioso Central que ocupa el 10% del volumen total del cerebro, conectándose a este y al tronco encefálico a través de los pedúnculos cerebelosos. Su división anatómica se basa en tres criterios: línea media, fisuras y filogenia. Con base a esos criterios el cerebelo se divide en tres capas (granular, Purkinje y molecular) que se subdividen en subzonas o microcomplejos que forman la somatotopía fracturada o de mosaico. Diversos estudios han reportado que la anatomía y la fisiología del cerebelo han variado a lo largo de la evolución en cada especie, pues este presenta en su corteza distintas capas, zonas, neuronas, interneuronas, fibras, núcleos profundos, tipos de células gliales y lóbulos, los cuales varían dependiendo la especie. Durante muchos años, el cerebelo sólo se clasificó como una estructura relacionada con las habilidades motoras (coordinación, planificación, ejecución, etc.), pero actualmente se sabe que también está involucrado en procesos sensoriales, cognitivos, emocionales e incluso autonómicos. Estas investigaciones han permitido ampliar el papel del cerebelo en el Sistema Nervioso. Esta revisión comprende una recopilación actualizada de diversas investigaciones sobre la anatomía y la fisiología del cerebelo principalmente en humanos y roedores. The cerebellum is a small structure of the Central Nervous System that occupies 10% of the total volume of the brain, connecting to the brain and the brainstem through the cerebellar peduncles. Its anatomical division is based on three criteria: midline, fissures, and phylogeny. Based on these criteria, the cerebellum is divided into three layers (granular, Purkinje, and molecular) that are subdivided into subzones or microcomplexes that form the fractured somatotopy or mosaic. Various studies have reported that the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum have varied throughout evolution in each species, since it has different layers, zones, neurons, interneurons, fibers, deep nuclei, types of glial cells, and lobes in its cortex, which vary depending on the species. For many years, the cerebellum was only classified as a structure related to motor skills (coordination, planning, execution, etc.), but today it is known that it is also involved in sensory, cognitive, emotional, and even autonomic processes. These investigations have expanded the role of the cerebellum in the Nervous System. This review comprises an updated compilation of various investigations on the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum mainly in humans and rodents. El cerebelo es una pequeña estructura del Sistema Nervioso Central que ocupa el 10% del volumen total del cerebro, conectándose a este y al tronco encefálico a través de los pedúnculos cerebelosos. Su división anatómica se basa en tres criterios: línea media, fisuras y filogenia. Con base a esos criterios el cerebelo se divide en tres capas (granular, Purkinje y molecular) que se subdividen en subzonas o microcomplejos que forman la somatotopía fracturada o de mosaico. Diversos estudios han reportado que la anatomía y la fisiología del cerebelo han variado a lo largo de la evolución en cada especie, pues este presenta en su corteza distintas capas, zonas, neuronas, interneuronas, fibras, núcleos profundos, tipos de células gliales y lóbulos, los cuales varían dependiendo la especie. Durante muchos años, el cerebelo sólo se clasificó como una estructura relacionada con las habilidades motoras (coordinación, planificación, ejecución, etc.), pero actualmente se sabe que también está involucrado en procesos sensoriales, cognitivos, emocionales e incluso autonómicos. Estas investigaciones han permitido ampliar el papel del cerebelo en el Sistema Nervioso. Esta revisión comprende una recopilación actualizada de diversas investigaciones sobre la anatomía y la fisiología del cerebelo principalmente en humanos y roedores. |
Author | Toledo-Cárdenas, R. Laureani-Fierro, A.J. Beltrán-Parrazal, L. Manzo, J. Morgado-Valle, C. Pérez, C.A. Rojas-Durán, F. Lara-Aparicio, S.Y. Hernández, M.E. García, L.I. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: S.Y. surname: Lara-Aparicio fullname: Lara-Aparicio, S.Y. organization: Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 2 givenname: A.J. surname: Laureani-Fierro fullname: Laureani-Fierro, A.J. organization: Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 3 givenname: C. surname: Morgado-Valle fullname: Morgado-Valle, C. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 4 givenname: L. surname: Beltrán-Parrazal fullname: Beltrán-Parrazal, L. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 5 givenname: F. surname: Rojas-Durán fullname: Rojas-Durán, F. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 6 givenname: L.I. surname: García fullname: García, L.I. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 7 givenname: R. surname: Toledo-Cárdenas fullname: Toledo-Cárdenas, R. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 8 givenname: M.E. surname: Hernández fullname: Hernández, M.E. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 9 givenname: J. surname: Manzo fullname: Manzo, J. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México – sequence: 10 givenname: C.A. surname: Pérez fullname: Pérez, C.A. email: cesperez@uv.mx organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México |
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Keywords | Cerebellum Neurotransmitters Cerebelo Anatomía Neurotransmisores Células gliales Glial cells Cerebellar pathways Anatomy Vías del cerebelo |
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