Sir Robert Howard, Thomas Hobbes, and the fall of Clarendon

This article sets out a new reading of a neglected poem by Sir Robert Howard, The Duell of the Stags (1668). It places the poem in the political context of the fall of Clarendon and rise of Howard's friend and ally the Duke of Buckingham, and of Howard's concurrent falling-out with his bro...

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Published inThe Seventeenth century Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 75 - 93
Main Author Allsopp, Niall
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Durham Routledge 02.01.2015
Taylor & Francis Ltd
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Abstract This article sets out a new reading of a neglected poem by Sir Robert Howard, The Duell of the Stags (1668). It places the poem in the political context of the fall of Clarendon and rise of Howard's friend and ally the Duke of Buckingham, and of Howard's concurrent falling-out with his brother-in-law John Dryden. It explores the influence of Thomas Hobbes' political theory on Howard's poem, especially refracted through Sir William Davenant's Hobbesian epic Gondibert (1651). The author argues that Howard's poem implicitly attacked Dryden's mode of panegyric for the Restoration regime by offering a radically alternative reading of Hobbes, casting royal power as fragile and contingent.
AbstractList [...]they, whom born to virtue and to wealth, Nor guilt to flatt'ry binds, nor want to stealth; Whose gen'rous conscience and whose courage high Does with clear counsels their large souls supply; That serve the King with their estates and care, And, as in love, on Parliaments can stare.8 Marvell had already served another branch of the Howard family, as secretary to Robert's second cousin Charles, the Earl of Carlisle, on his embassy to Russia earlier in the decade. Gondibert was preceded by a long Preface addressed to Hobbes, and Hobbes' friendly Answer.25 Starting with Gondibert, Davenant had applied Hobbesian ideas to his poetry and drama of the 1650s, developing a theory of poetry as a tool of social control.26 He had also defected to the Commonwealth after being captured by Parliament in 1650; at the Restoration he was accused from some quarters of being Master of the Revels to Oliver himself.27 At Davenant's death in 1667, Dryden was literally his successor as poet laureate, but also presented himself as a sort of heir to Davenant's innovations in his "Account" of Annus Mirabilis - an epistle dedicated to Howard. The Quarrel now to a vast height is grown, Both urg'd to fight by Passion, and a Throne; But Love has most excuse, for all we find Have Passions, though not Thrones alike assign'd.75 The theme of growth appears yet again, this time rhyming obligingly with "Throne." Because the passions are normative, Howard implies, all that really counts in evaluating them are the specific political circumstances in which they operate (i.e. the "Thrones alike assign'd"). Buckingham, like the stag, had been banished from court, and was widely associated with passionate appetites for love and glory. [...]the stag's return and defeat of the monarch might be intended to allegorize Buckingham's return to power in 1667 as a victory over Clarendon; it may even imply that Buckingham had in some way conquered the king himself.
This article sets out a new reading of a neglected poem by Sir Robert Howard, The Duell of the Stags (1668). It places the poem in the political context of the fall of Clarendon and rise of Howard's friend and ally the Duke of Buckingham, and of Howard's concurrent falling-out with his brother-in-law John Dryden. It explores the influence of Thomas Hobbes' political theory on Howard's poem, especially refracted through Sir William Davenant's Hobbesian epic Gondibert (1651). The author argues that Howard's poem implicitly attacked Dryden's mode of panegyric for the Restoration regime by offering a radically alternative reading of Hobbes, casting royal power as fragile and contingent.
Author Allsopp, Niall
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CIT0032
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Milton John (CIT0023) 2007
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RelatedPersons Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)
Dryden, John (1631-1700)
Winn, James Anderson
Villiers, George (1592-1628)
Marvell, Andrew (1621-1678)
Vickers, Brian
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– fullname: Dryden, John (1631-1700)
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– fullname: Villiers, George (1592-1628)
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Snippet This article sets out a new reading of a neglected poem by Sir Robert Howard, The Duell of the Stags (1668). It places the poem in the political context of the...
[...]they, whom born to virtue and to wealth, Nor guilt to flatt'ry binds, nor want to stealth; Whose gen'rous conscience and whose courage high Does with...
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StartPage 75
SubjectTerms British & Irish literature
Corruption
Dryden, John (1631-1700)
English literature
Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)
John Dryden
Marvell, Andrew (1621-1678)
Members of Parliament
Oppression
Parliaments
Religion
Restoration poetry
Sir Robert Howard
Sir William Davenant
Thomas Hobbes
Vickers, Brian
Villiers, George (1592-1628)
Winn, James Anderson
Title Sir Robert Howard, Thomas Hobbes, and the fall of Clarendon
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