Viability and virulence of freeze-dried Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium acridum, and Hirsutella thompsonii isolates under non-refrigerated conditions in Ghana
The necessity of cold storage for mycoinsecticides poses a logistical challenge in tropical Africa, where maintaining consistent refrigeration is a major obstacle. To investigate alternative preservation methods, our study evaluates conidial-based freeze-dried formulations of Beauveria bassiana (IMI...
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Published in | Biocontrol science and technology Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 296 - 315 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Taylor & Francis
03.03.2024
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
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Abstract | The necessity of cold storage for mycoinsecticides poses a logistical challenge in tropical Africa, where maintaining consistent refrigeration is a major obstacle. To investigate alternative preservation methods, our study evaluates conidial-based freeze-dried formulations of Beauveria bassiana (IMI 389521), Metarhizium acridum (IMI 330189), and mycelial-based freeze-dried formulations of Hirsutella thompsonii (IMI 327488 and IMI 391722). Propagules were cryoprotected with lactose, mannitol, and raffinose, encapsulated, and freeze-dried in plastic and glass vials. Bioformulations in glass vials were cryoprotected with mannitol only. Viability (CFU/g each day) of bioformulations, following 16-weeks-storage, and their virulence (at 1 × 10
7
conidia mL
−1
in six days) against key pests of maize and cassava in Africa (larger grain borer, variegated grasshopper and cassava green mite) were determined under ambient laboratory conditions in Ghana. Our results show that non-freeze-dried conidia of B. bassiana and M. acridum had significantly higher viability and efficacy than freeze-dried versions, when stored under non-refrigerated conditions (averaging 27.7°C, 78.8% RH). Freeze-dried H. thompsonii mycelia were neither viable nor virulent against cassava green mite. Freeze-dried B. bassiana and M. acridum in plastic vials remained viable for 12 weeks, while in glass vials they were viable for seven weeks. Freeze-dried B. bassiana in both plastic and glass vials caused 38-43% mortality in larger grain borer, and M. acridum caused 45-82% mortality in variegated grasshopper. Further, conidia cryoprotected with lactose had significantly higher viability and mortality than raffinose and mannitol. Our research contributes to mycoinsecticide development, particularly in the context of storage and application challenges in tropical climates. |
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AbstractList | The necessity of cold storage for mycoinsecticides poses a logistical challenge in tropical Africa, where maintaining consistent refrigeration is a major obstacle. To investigate alternative preservation methods, our study evaluates conidial-based freeze-dried formulations of Beauveria bassiana (IMI 389521), Metarhizium acridum (IMI 330189), and mycelial-based freeze-dried formulations of Hirsutella thompsonii (IMI 327488 and IMI 391722). Propagules were cryoprotected with lactose, mannitol, and raffinose, encapsulated, and freeze-dried in plastic and glass vials. Bioformulations in glass vials were cryoprotected with mannitol only. Viability (CFU/g each day) of bioformulations, following 16-weeks-storage, and their virulence (at 1 × 107 conidia mL−1 in six days) against key pests of maize and cassava in Africa (larger grain borer, variegated grasshopper and cassava green mite) were determined under ambient laboratory conditions in Ghana. Our results show that non-freeze-dried conidia of B. bassiana and M. acridum had significantly higher viability and efficacy than freeze-dried versions, when stored under non-refrigerated conditions (averaging 27.7°C, 78.8% RH). Freeze-dried H. thompsonii mycelia were neither viable nor virulent against cassava green mite. Freeze-dried B. bassiana and M. acridum in plastic vials remained viable for 12 weeks, while in glass vials they were viable for seven weeks. Freeze-dried B. bassiana in both plastic and glass vials caused 38–43% mortality in larger grain borer, and M. acridum caused 45–82% mortality in variegated grasshopper. Further, conidia cryoprotected with lactose had significantly higher viability and mortality than raffinose and mannitol. Our research contributes to mycoinsecticide development, particularly in the context of storage and application challenges in tropical climates. The necessity of cold storage for mycoinsecticides poses a logistical challenge in tropical Africa, where maintaining consistent refrigeration is a major obstacle. To investigate alternative preservation methods, our study evaluates conidial-based freeze-dried formulations of Beauveria bassiana (IMI 389521), Metarhizium acridum (IMI 330189), and mycelial-based freeze-dried formulations of Hirsutella thompsonii (IMI 327488 and IMI 391722). Propagules were cryoprotected with lactose, mannitol, and raffinose, encapsulated, and freeze-dried in plastic and glass vials. Bioformulations in glass vials were cryoprotected with mannitol only. Viability (CFU/g each day) of bioformulations, following 16-weeks-storage, and their virulence (at 1 × 10 7 conidia mL −1 in six days) against key pests of maize and cassava in Africa (larger grain borer, variegated grasshopper and cassava green mite) were determined under ambient laboratory conditions in Ghana. Our results show that non-freeze-dried conidia of B. bassiana and M. acridum had significantly higher viability and efficacy than freeze-dried versions, when stored under non-refrigerated conditions (averaging 27.7°C, 78.8% RH). Freeze-dried H. thompsonii mycelia were neither viable nor virulent against cassava green mite. Freeze-dried B. bassiana and M. acridum in plastic vials remained viable for 12 weeks, while in glass vials they were viable for seven weeks. Freeze-dried B. bassiana in both plastic and glass vials caused 38-43% mortality in larger grain borer, and M. acridum caused 45-82% mortality in variegated grasshopper. Further, conidia cryoprotected with lactose had significantly higher viability and mortality than raffinose and mannitol. Our research contributes to mycoinsecticide development, particularly in the context of storage and application challenges in tropical climates. |
Author | Morris, John Ryan, Mattew Eziah, Vincent Yao Clottey, Victor Attuquaye Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo Naretto Mikaelyan, Aram Luke, Belinda Smith, David Fening, Ken Okwae Amanor, Gabriel Tetteh Acheampong, Mavis Agyeiwaa Cornelius, Eric William Tyson, Clara Kermode, Anthony |
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Cites_doi | 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.078 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107436 10.1080/09583157.2016.1217394 10.1007/s00253-015-6476-6 10.5897/AJAR11.1784 10.4315/0362-028X-64.6.856 10.1098/rspb.1997.0077 10.1080/00275514.1991.12026065 10.1007/s10493-008-9177-3 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.09.017 10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50006-4 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832900 10.1002/jps.23293 10.1017/S0007485300016023 10.1042/bj2420001 10.1080/09583159929785 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.12.004 10.5897/AJB10.1535 10.5301/JABB.2010.6104 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1986.tb00536.x 10.5897/JSPPR2015 10.17159/2254-8854/2023/a11734 10.1093/amt/tsaa089 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.004 10.1016/j.jip.2010.05.004 10.1007/s00253-011-3269-4 10.1007/s13213-010-0147-8 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01596.x 10.1016/j.jspr.2021.101860 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.08.004 10.4314/sinet.v30i1.18283 10.1111/1471-0307.12041 10.1016/j.jspr.2005.06.003 10.4315/0362-028X-73.4.715 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100283 10.1079/9780851989020.0000 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.08.009 10.1023/A:1026397115946 10.1017/s0953756203008827 10.3390/microorganisms11010048 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001 10.1186/s41938-023-00714-y |
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Snippet | The necessity of cold storage for mycoinsecticides poses a logistical challenge in tropical Africa, where maintaining consistent refrigeration is a major... |
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SubjectTerms | African storage conditions Beauveria bassiana Borers Cassava Cold storage Conidia Entomopathogenic fungi Freeze drying freeze-dried conidia freeze-dried mycelia Glass Grasshoppers Hirsutella thompsonii Lactose Mannitol Metarhizium acridum Mites Mononychellus tanajoa Mortality Pests Plastics Propagules Raffinose Refrigeration Tropical climate Tropical climates Viability Virulence |
Title | Viability and virulence of freeze-dried Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium acridum, and Hirsutella thompsonii isolates under non-refrigerated conditions in Ghana |
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