K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , and water contents in human skeletal muscle: correlations among these monovalent and divalent cations and their alterations in K+ -depleted subjects
None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and simultaneously the levels of all these cations and examined water content in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles in 30 northeastern Thai men wh...
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| Published in | Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine Vol. 150; no. 6; pp. 357 - 366 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
01.12.2007
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| Abstract | None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and simultaneously the levels of all these cations and examined water content in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles in 30 northeastern Thai men who were apparently healthy but died from an accident. Specimen collection was performed within 6 h of death. We used atomic absorption or flame photometry to measure the level of muscle cation. Histopathology of muscle and kidney was also evaluated. K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ contents in vastus lateralis were 84.74 ± 1.50, 38.64 ± 0.77, 7.58 ± 0.17, and 0.94 ± 0.06 μmol/g wet weight, respectively, whereas K+ , Na+ , and Mg2+ contents in pectoralis major were 82.83 ± 1.54, 37.57 ± 0.72, and 7.30 ± 0.17 μmol/g wet weight, respectively. The water component was comparable in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major (78.66 ± 0.41 and 78.09 ± 0.56 %, respectively). Based on muscle K+ levels, we divided the subjects into 2 main groups: K+ -depleted (KD) group (K+ < 80 μmol/g wet weight; n = 7) and non–K+ -depleted (NKD) group (K+ >= 80 μmol/g wet weight; n = 23). In the KD muscle, Na+ and Ca2+ levels were significantly higher, whereas the level of Mg2+ was significantly lower. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of K+ and Mg2+ levels and between Na+ and Ca2+ . However, K+ and Mg2+ had the negative correlation with Na+ and Ca2+ . Histopathologic examination showed no change in the KD muscles, whereas 29% (2 of 7) of the KD kidneys had vacuolization in proximal renal tubular cells. Our study not only provided the descriptive data but also implied the balance or homeostasis of these monovalent and divalent cations in their muscle pools. |
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| AbstractList | None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and simultaneously the levels of all these cations and examined water content in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles in 30 northeastern Thai men who were apparently healthy but died from an accident. Specimen collection was performed within 6 h of death. We used atomic absorption or flame photometry to measure the level of muscle cation. Histopathology of muscle and kidney was also evaluated. K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in vastus lateralis were 84.74 +/- 1.50, 38.64 +/- 0.77, 7.58 +/- 0.17, and 0.94 +/- 0.06 micromol/g wet weight, respectively, whereas K(+), Na(+), and Mg(2+) contents in pectoralis major were 82.83 +/- 1.54, 37.57 +/- 0.72, and 7.30 +/- 0.17 micromol/g wet weight, respectively. The water component was comparable in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major (78.66 +/- 0.41 and 78.09 +/- 0.56 %, respectively). Based on muscle K(+) levels, we divided the subjects into 2 main groups: K(+)-depleted (KD) group (K(+) < 80 micromol/g wet weight; n = 7) and non-K(+)-depleted (NKD) group (K(+) > or = 80 micromol/g wet weight; n = 23). In the KD muscle, Na(+) and Ca(2+) levels were significantly higher, whereas the level of Mg(2+) was significantly lower. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of K(+) and Mg(2+) levels and between Na(+) and Ca(2+). However, K(+) and Mg(2+) had the negative correlation with Na(+) and Ca(2+). Histopathologic examination showed no change in the KD muscles, whereas 29% (2 of 7) of the KD kidneys had vacuolization in proximal renal tubular cells. Our study not only provided the descriptive data but also implied the balance or homeostasis of these monovalent and divalent cations in their muscle pools. None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and simultaneously the levels of all these cations and examined water content in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles in 30 northeastern Thai men who were apparently healthy but died from an accident. Specimen collection was performed within 6 h of death. We used atomic absorption or flame photometry to measure the level of muscle cation. Histopathology of muscle and kidney was also evaluated. K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ contents in vastus lateralis were 84.74 ± 1.50, 38.64 ± 0.77, 7.58 ± 0.17, and 0.94 ± 0.06 μmol/g wet weight, respectively, whereas K+ , Na+ , and Mg2+ contents in pectoralis major were 82.83 ± 1.54, 37.57 ± 0.72, and 7.30 ± 0.17 μmol/g wet weight, respectively. The water component was comparable in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major (78.66 ± 0.41 and 78.09 ± 0.56 %, respectively). Based on muscle K+ levels, we divided the subjects into 2 main groups: K+ -depleted (KD) group (K+ < 80 μmol/g wet weight; n = 7) and non–K+ -depleted (NKD) group (K+ >= 80 μmol/g wet weight; n = 23). In the KD muscle, Na+ and Ca2+ levels were significantly higher, whereas the level of Mg2+ was significantly lower. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of K+ and Mg2+ levels and between Na+ and Ca2+ . However, K+ and Mg2+ had the negative correlation with Na+ and Ca2+ . Histopathologic examination showed no change in the KD muscles, whereas 29% (2 of 7) of the KD kidneys had vacuolization in proximal renal tubular cells. Our study not only provided the descriptive data but also implied the balance or homeostasis of these monovalent and divalent cations in their muscle pools. None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and simultaneously the levels of all these cations and examined water content in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles in 30 northeastern Thai men who were apparently healthy but died from an accident. Specimen collection was performed within 6 h of death. We used atomic absorption or flame photometry to measure the level of muscle cation. Histopathology of muscle and kidney was also evaluated. K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in vastus lateralis were 84.74 +/- 1.50, 38.64 +/- 0.77, 7.58 +/- 0.17, and 0.94 +/- 0.06 micromol/g wet weight, respectively, whereas K(+), Na(+), and Mg(2+) contents in pectoralis major were 82.83 +/- 1.54, 37.57 +/- 0.72, and 7.30 +/- 0.17 micromol/g wet weight, respectively. The water component was comparable in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major (78.66 +/- 0.41 and 78.09 +/- 0.56 %, respectively). Based on muscle K(+) levels, we divided the subjects into 2 main groups: K(+)-depleted (KD) group (K(+) < 80 micromol/g wet weight; n = 7) and non-K(+)-depleted (NKD) group (K(+) > or = 80 micromol/g wet weight; n = 23). In the KD muscle, Na(+) and Ca(2+) levels were significantly higher, whereas the level of Mg(2+) was significantly lower. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of K(+) and Mg(2+) levels and between Na(+) and Ca(2+). However, K(+) and Mg(2+) had the negative correlation with Na(+) and Ca(2+). Histopathologic examination showed no change in the KD muscles, whereas 29% (2 of 7) of the KD kidneys had vacuolization in proximal renal tubular cells. Our study not only provided the descriptive data but also implied the balance or homeostasis of these monovalent and divalent cations in their muscle pools.None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and simultaneously the levels of all these cations and examined water content in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles in 30 northeastern Thai men who were apparently healthy but died from an accident. Specimen collection was performed within 6 h of death. We used atomic absorption or flame photometry to measure the level of muscle cation. Histopathology of muscle and kidney was also evaluated. K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in vastus lateralis were 84.74 +/- 1.50, 38.64 +/- 0.77, 7.58 +/- 0.17, and 0.94 +/- 0.06 micromol/g wet weight, respectively, whereas K(+), Na(+), and Mg(2+) contents in pectoralis major were 82.83 +/- 1.54, 37.57 +/- 0.72, and 7.30 +/- 0.17 micromol/g wet weight, respectively. The water component was comparable in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major (78.66 +/- 0.41 and 78.09 +/- 0.56 %, respectively). Based on muscle K(+) levels, we divided the subjects into 2 main groups: K(+)-depleted (KD) group (K(+) < 80 micromol/g wet weight; n = 7) and non-K(+)-depleted (NKD) group (K(+) > or = 80 micromol/g wet weight; n = 23). In the KD muscle, Na(+) and Ca(2+) levels were significantly higher, whereas the level of Mg(2+) was significantly lower. Linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of K(+) and Mg(2+) levels and between Na(+) and Ca(2+). However, K(+) and Mg(2+) had the negative correlation with Na(+) and Ca(2+). Histopathologic examination showed no change in the KD muscles, whereas 29% (2 of 7) of the KD kidneys had vacuolization in proximal renal tubular cells. Our study not only provided the descriptive data but also implied the balance or homeostasis of these monovalent and divalent cations in their muscle pools. |
| Author | Prasongwattana, Vitoon Wiangsimma, Thitichai Tavichakorntrakool, Ratree Khunkitti, Wattana Puapairoj, Anucha Tanratanauijit, Maneewan Yenchitsomanus, Pa-Thai Sriboonlue, Pote Thongboonkerd, Visith Khunkitti, Wirut Chamsuwan, Amporn Wongkham, Chaisiri Triamjangarun, Sombat |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18022598$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1249/01.MSS.0000126468.65714.60 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.2.C457 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15520.x 10.1159/000189449 10.1172/JCI114810 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2003.00134.x 10.1152/physrev.1991.71.3.733 10.1172/JCI112973 10.1093/ije/22.1.81 10.1159/000188947 10.1038/293739a0 10.1136/bmj.296.6620.455 10.1152/japplphysiol.00669.2001 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00663.x 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051850.x 10.1007/s00240-004-0444-4 10.1056/NEJM195608022550501 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07488.x 10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90150-X 10.1084/jem.106.4.563 10.1093/ndt/gfh328 10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.4.F620 10.1136/jcp.37.12.1358 10.1172/JCI112020 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91786-T 10.1042/cs0740241 10.1056/NEJM199002083220609 10.1159/000186649 |
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| Snippet | None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and... None of previous studies had simultaneously analyzed the K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+) contents in human skeletal muscle. We examined extensively and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Accidents Body Water - metabolism Cadaver Calcium - analysis Cations, Divalent - analysis Cations, Monovalent - analysis Homeostasis Humans Internal Medicine Kidney - pathology Magnesium - analysis Magnesium Deficiency - metabolism Magnesium Deficiency - pathology Male Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Potassium - analysis Potassium Deficiency - metabolism Potassium Deficiency - pathology Reference Values Regression Analysis Sodium - analysis Thailand Tissue Extracts - analysis |
| Title | K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , and water contents in human skeletal muscle: correlations among these monovalent and divalent cations and their alterations in K+ -depleted subjects |
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