Space Astronomy and Astrophysics
Nearly everything we know about the cosmos comes from studying celestial electromagnetic radiation over roughly 16 decades of wavelength from radio to gamma ray. But most radiation is totally absorbed by our atmosphere—only radio and optical waves penetrate to Earth, and even these are subject to di...
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| Published in | Physics today Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 60 - 67 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
American Institute of Physics
01.04.1991
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Nearly everything we know about the cosmos comes from studying celestial electromagnetic radiation over roughly 16 decades of wavelength from radio to gamma ray. But most radiation is totally absorbed by our atmosphere—only radio and optical waves penetrate to Earth, and even these are subject to distortion or interference. The ability of space astronomy to escape the effects of Earth's atmosphere has literally opened new windows on the heavens, windows through which we have glimpsed a universe far more diverse than previously known and tantalizingly rich with information about its structure and evolution. |
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| AbstractList | Development trends of space astronomy are reviewed, and a balanced program of large, medium, and small missions is presented. The Great Observatories Program is described and its main research problems are noted. The Gamma Ray Observatory will study explosive phenomena, particle acceleration near neutron stars and black holes, and the distribution of cosmic rays and gas in the Galaxy. The Advanced X-ray Facility will study the coronas of normal and active stars, chemical analysis of supernova remnants, the active nuclei of galaxies and quasars, and the point-source component of the cosmic X-ray background. The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer will help to clarify the understanding of hot, white dwarf stars and cataclysmic variable stars and will probe the hot plasmas associated with stellar coronas. Other Explorer programs including the X-Ray Timing Explorer, the Advanced Composition Explorer, and the Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer are described. Consideration is also given to the Small Explorer missions that provide rapid access to space for payloads weighing less than 200 kg. (O.G.) A revitalized US space astronomy program will see a balance of large, moderate and small missions during the 1990s. Improved access to space and better scientific management will result in numerous projects, like NASA's Great Observatories series of space-based facilities. A number of other countries will mount space astronomy missions in the 1990s, most notably those of Europe. Nearly everything we know about the cosmos comes from studying celestial electromagnetic radiation over roughly 16 decades of wavelength from radio to gamma ray. But most radiation is totally absorbed by our atmosphere—only radio and optical waves penetrate to Earth, and even these are subject to distortion or interference. The ability of space astronomy to escape the effects of Earth's atmosphere has literally opened new windows on the heavens, windows through which we have glimpsed a universe far more diverse than previously known and tantalizingly rich with information about its structure and evolution. |
| Author | Canizares, Claude R. Savage, Blair D. |
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| Copyright | Copyright American Institute of Physics Apr 1991 |
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