I think that’s all a lie… I think It’s genocide Applying a Critical Race Praxis to Youth Perceptions of Flint Water Contamination

In April 2014, the emergency manager of Flint, Michigan switched the city's water supplier from Detroit's water department to the Flint River. The change in water source resulted in the Flint Water Crisis (FWC) in which lead (Pb) from the city's network of old pipes leached into resid...

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Published inEthnicity & disease Vol. 28; no. Suppl 1; pp. 241 - 246
Main Authors Muhammad, Michael, De Loney, E. Hill, Brooks, Cassandra L., Assari, Shervin, Robinson, DeWaun, Caldwell, Cleopatra H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Ethnicity & Disease, Inc 01.08.2018
International Society on Hypertension in Blacks
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Abstract In April 2014, the emergency manager of Flint, Michigan switched the city's water supplier from Detroit's water department to the Flint River. The change in water source resulted in the Flint Water Crisis (FWC) in which lead (Pb) from the city's network of old pipes leached into residents' tap water. Residents of Flint reported concerns about the water to officials; however, the concerns were ignored for more than a year. This study sought to understand how Black youth in Flint conceptualize, interpret, and respond to racism they perceive as part of the normal bureaucracy contributing to the FWC. In 2016, we conducted four community forums with Flint youth aged 13 to 17 years. Sixty-eight youth participated with 93% self-identifying as Black. Participants completed a brief survey. We audio-recorded the forums and transcribed them verbatim. Critical Race Theory (CRT) guided the development of the interview protocol and Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) served as an interpretive framework during qualitative data analysis. Content analyses were completed using software. Many youth viewed the FWC through a racially conscious frame. They described Flint as a Black city where historical and contemporary forms of racial stratification persist. Some described the contamination of the city's water as a form of genocide targeting Blacks. The findings from this exploratory study suggest some Black youth in Flint have difficulty coping with the FWC. Those who perceive it through a racial frame attribute the crisis to racism. They feel distressed about this and other traumas (eg, failure to address high rates of crime) they perceived as racism-related. Future research should examine the implications for specific mental health outcomes among youth.
AbstractList In April 2014, the emergency manager of Flint, Michigan switched the city's water supplier from Detroit's water department to the Flint River. The change in water source resulted in the Flint Water Crisis (FWC) in which lead (Pb) from the city's network of old pipes leached into residents' tap water. Residents of Flint reported concerns about the water to officials; however, the concerns were ignored for more than a year. This study sought to understand how Black youth in Flint conceptualize, interpret, and respond to racism they perceive as part of the normal bureaucracy contributing to the FWC. In 2016, we conducted four community forums with Flint youth aged 13 to 17 years. Sixty-eight youth participated with 93% self-identifying as Black. Participants completed a brief survey. We audio-recorded the forums and transcribed them verbatim. Critical Race Theory (CRT) guided the development of the interview protocol and Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) served as an interpretive framework during qualitative data analysis. Content analyses were completed using software. Many youth viewed the FWC through a racially conscious frame. They described Flint as a Black city where historical and contemporary forms of racial stratification persist. Some described the contamination of the city's water as a form of genocide targeting Blacks. The findings from this exploratory study suggest some Black youth in Flint have difficulty coping with the FWC. Those who perceive it through a racial frame attribute the crisis to racism. They feel distressed about this and other traumas (eg, failure to address high rates of crime) they perceived as racism-related. Future research should examine the implications for specific mental health outcomes among youth.
Background: In April 2014, the emergency manager of Flint, Michigan switched the city’s water supplier from Detroit’s water department to the Flint River. The change in water source resulted in the Flint Water Cri­sis (FWC) in which lead (Pb) from the city’s network of old pipes leached into residents’ tap water. Residents of Flint reported con­cerns about the water to officials; however, the concerns were ignored for more than a year. Objective: This study sought to understand how Black youth in Flint conceptualize, in­terpret, and respond to racism they perceive as part of the normal bureaucracy contribut­ing to the FWC. Methods: In 2016, we conducted four community forums with Flint youth aged 13 to 17 years. Sixty-eight youth partici­pated with 93% self-identifying as Black. Participants completed a brief survey. We audio-recorded the forums and transcribed them verbatim. Critical Race Theory (CRT) guided the development of the interview protocol and Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) served as an interpretive framework during qualitative data analysis. Content analyses were completed using software. Results: Many youth viewed the FWC through a racially conscious frame. They described Flint as a Black city where historical and contemporary forms of racial stratification persist. Some described the contamination of the city’s water as a form of genocide targeting Blacks. Conclusions: The findings from this ex­ploratory study suggest some Black youth in Flint have difficulty coping with the FWC. Those who perceive it through a racial frame attribute the crisis to racism. They feel distressed about this and other traumas (eg, failure to address high rates of crime) they perceived as racism-related. Future research should examine the implications for specific mental health outcomes among youth. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 1): 241-246; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.241.
Author Muhammad, Michael
Assari, Shervin
Caldwell, Cleopatra H.
De Loney, E. Hill
Brooks, Cassandra L.
Robinson, DeWaun
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Keywords Youth
Flint Water Crisis
Racism
Trauma
Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCR)
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Notes Competing Interests: None declared.
Research concept and design: Muhammad, Hill De Loney, Brooks, Assari, Robinson; Acquisition of data: Muhammad, Hill De Loney, Brooks, Assari, Robinson, Caldwell; Data analysis and interpretation: Muhammad, Assari; Manuscript draft: Muhammad, Hill De Loney, Brooks, Assari, Caldwell; Statistical expertise: Muhammad; Acquisition of funding: Caldwell; Administrative, technical or material support: Caldwell, Hill De Loney, Assari, Brooks, Robinson; Supervision: Muhammad, Brooks
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Snippet In April 2014, the emergency manager of Flint, Michigan switched the city's water supplier from Detroit's water department to the Flint River. The change in...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Black or African American - psychology
Black or African American - statistics & numerical data
Community Participation
Female
Humans
Male
Michigan
Original Report: Applying Critical Race Theory
Public Health - methods
Public Health - standards
Public Opinion
Racism - prevention & control
Racism - psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Water Quality
Water Supply - methods
Water Supply - standards
Young Adult
Subtitle Applying a Critical Race Praxis to Youth Perceptions of Flint Water Contamination
Title I think that’s all a lie… I think It’s genocide
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Volume 28
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