Evaluation of the immunogenicity of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus glycoprotein B (EEHV-gB) subunit vaccines in a mouse model
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine devel...
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| Published in | Acta tropica Vol. 263; p. 107571 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Abstract | Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine development has become increasingly critical. This study evaluated the immune response in mice following immunization with an EEHV1A-glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine. The vaccine incorporated gBF1 and gBF2, corresponding to segments of the gB ectodomains I and IV, respectively, along with emulsion adjuvants Montanide™ ISA 206 VG and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The findings revealed that both gBF1 and gBF2, when paired with these adjuvants, were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses against EEHV-gB, as demonstrated by the ability of sera from immunized mice to detect EEHV-gB ex vivo. Additionally, in terms of cellular immunity, the vaccine formulations predominantly activated CD4+ T cells, including both Th1 (IFN-γ+) and Th2 (IL-4+) cells, with no significant activation of CD8+ T cells. If also applicable in elephants, gB-based vaccines would be a significant step forward in the fight against EEHV. |
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| AbstractList | Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine development has become increasingly critical. This study evaluated the immune response in mice following immunization with an EEHV1A-glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine. The vaccine incorporated gBF1 and gBF2, corresponding to segments of the gB ectodomains I and IV, respectively, along with emulsion adjuvants Montanide™ ISA 206 VG and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The findings revealed that both gBF1 and gBF2, when paired with these adjuvants, were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses against EEHV-gB, as demonstrated by the ability of sera from immunized mice to detect EEHV-gB ex vivo. Additionally, in terms of cellular immunity, the vaccine formulations predominantly activated CD4+ T cells, including both Th1 (IFN-γ+) and Th2 (IL-4+) cells, with no significant activation of CD8+ T cells. If also applicable in elephants, gB-based vaccines would be a significant step forward in the fight against EEHV. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine development has become increasingly critical. This study evaluated the immune response in mice following immunization with an EEHV1A-glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine. The vaccine incorporated gBF1 and gBF2, corresponding to segments of the gB ectodomains I and IV, respectively, along with emulsion adjuvants Montanide™ ISA 206 VG and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The findings revealed that both gBF1 and gBF2, when paired with these adjuvants, were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses against EEHV-gB, as demonstrated by the ability of sera from immunized mice to detect EEHV-gB ex vivo. Additionally, in terms of cellular immunity, the vaccine formulations predominantly activated CD4+ T cells, including both Th1 (IFN-γ+) and Th2 (IL-4+) cells, with no significant activation of CD8+ T cells. If also applicable in elephants, gB-based vaccines would be a significant step forward in the fight against EEHV.Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine development has become increasingly critical. This study evaluated the immune response in mice following immunization with an EEHV1A-glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine. The vaccine incorporated gBF1 and gBF2, corresponding to segments of the gB ectodomains I and IV, respectively, along with emulsion adjuvants Montanide™ ISA 206 VG and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The findings revealed that both gBF1 and gBF2, when paired with these adjuvants, were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses against EEHV-gB, as demonstrated by the ability of sera from immunized mice to detect EEHV-gB ex vivo. Additionally, in terms of cellular immunity, the vaccine formulations predominantly activated CD4+ T cells, including both Th1 (IFN-γ+) and Th2 (IL-4+) cells, with no significant activation of CD8+ T cells. If also applicable in elephants, gB-based vaccines would be a significant step forward in the fight against EEHV. |
| ArticleNumber | 107571 |
| Author | Thitaram, Chatchote Kochagul, Varankpicha Khamluang, Naricha Guntawang, Thunyamas Hsu, Wei-Li Rittipornlertrak, Amarin Sthitmatee, Nattawooti Photichai, Kornravee Pringproa, Kidsadagon Chuammitri, Phongsakorn Sittisak, Tidaratt Srivorakul, Saralee Muenthaisong, Anucha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tidaratt surname: Sittisak fullname: Sittisak, Tidaratt organization: Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 2 givenname: Thunyamas surname: Guntawang fullname: Guntawang, Thunyamas organization: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 3 givenname: Saralee surname: Srivorakul fullname: Srivorakul, Saralee organization: Center of Veterinary Medical Diagnostic and Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 4 givenname: Kornravee surname: Photichai fullname: Photichai, Kornravee organization: The 5th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand – sequence: 5 givenname: Anucha surname: Muenthaisong fullname: Muenthaisong, Anucha organization: Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand – sequence: 6 givenname: Amarin surname: Rittipornlertrak fullname: Rittipornlertrak, Amarin organization: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 7 givenname: Varankpicha surname: Kochagul fullname: Kochagul, Varankpicha organization: Center of Veterinary Medical Diagnostic and Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 8 givenname: Naricha surname: Khamluang fullname: Khamluang, Naricha organization: Center of Veterinary Medical Diagnostic and Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 9 givenname: Nattawooti orcidid: 0000-0002-2329-8802 surname: Sthitmatee fullname: Sthitmatee, Nattawooti organization: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 10 givenname: Phongsakorn surname: Chuammitri fullname: Chuammitri, Phongsakorn organization: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 11 givenname: Chatchote surname: Thitaram fullname: Thitaram, Chatchote organization: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand – sequence: 12 givenname: Wei-Li surname: Hsu fullname: Hsu, Wei-Li organization: Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan – sequence: 13 givenname: Kidsadagon surname: Pringproa fullname: Pringproa, Kidsadagon email: kidsadagon.p@cmu.ac.th organization: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand |
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| Keywords | Glycoprotein B Vaccine Immune response EEHV |
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| SubjectTerms | Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage Adjuvants, Vaccine - administration & dosage Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood cell-mediated immunity Disease Models, Animal EEHV Elephantid betaherpesvirus 1 Elephants - virology Elephas maximus emulsions endangered species Female Glycoprotein B glycoproteins Herpesviridae Infections - immunology Herpesviridae Infections - prevention & control Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary Herpesvirus Vaccines - administration & dosage Herpesvirus Vaccines - immunology Immune response Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral immunization immunogenicity Immunogenicity, Vaccine Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C mortality subunit vaccines Vaccine vaccine adjuvants vaccine development Vaccines, Subunit - administration & dosage Vaccines, Subunit - immunology Viral Envelope Proteins - immunology |
| Title | Evaluation of the immunogenicity of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus glycoprotein B (EEHV-gB) subunit vaccines in a mouse model |
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