FGD-Gypsum Waste to Capture CO2 and to Recycle in Building Materials: Optimal Reaction Yield and Preliminary Mechanical Properties
The use of waste to capture CO2 has been on the rise, to reduce costs and to improve the environmental footprint. Here, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum waste is proposed, which allows us to obtain a CaCO3-based solid, which should be recycled. The CO2 capture stage has primarily been carried...
Saved in:
Published in | Materials Vol. 17; no. 15; p. 3774 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.08.2024
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | The use of waste to capture CO2 has been on the rise, to reduce costs and to improve the environmental footprint. Here, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum waste is proposed, which allows us to obtain a CaCO3-based solid, which should be recycled. The CO2 capture stage has primarily been carried out via the direct carbonation method or at high temperature. However, a high energy penalty and/or long reaction times make it unattractive from an industrial perspective. To avoid this, herein an indirect method is proposed, based on first capturing the CO2 with NaOH and later using an aqueous carbonation stage. This allows us to capture CO2 at a near-ambient temperature, improving reaction times and avoiding the energy penalty. The parameters studied were Ca2+/CO32− ratio, L/S ratio and temperature. Each of them has been optimized, with 1.25, 100 mL/g and 25 °C being the optimal values, respectively, reaching an efficiency of 72.52%. Furthermore, the utilization of the produced CaCO3 as a building material has been analyzed. The density, superficial hardness and the compressive strength of a material composed of 10 wt% of CaCO3 and 90 wt% of commercial gypsum, with a water/solid ratio of 0.5, is measured. When the waste is added, the density and the mechanical properties decreased, although the compressive strength and superficial hardness are higher than the requirements for gypsum panels. Thus, this work is promising for the carbonation of FGD-gypsum, which involves its chemical transformation into calcium carbonate through reacting it with the CO2 of flue gasses and recycling the generated wastes in construction materials. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The use of waste to capture CO2 has been on the rise, to reduce costs and to improve the environmental footprint. Here, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum waste is proposed, which allows us to obtain a CaCO3-based solid, which should be recycled. The CO2 capture stage has primarily been carried out via the direct carbonation method or at high temperature. However, a high energy penalty and/or long reaction times make it unattractive from an industrial perspective. To avoid this, herein an indirect method is proposed, based on first capturing the CO2 with NaOH and later using an aqueous carbonation stage. This allows us to capture CO2 at a near-ambient temperature, improving reaction times and avoiding the energy penalty. The parameters studied were Ca2+/CO32− ratio, L/S ratio and temperature. Each of them has been optimized, with 1.25, 100 mL/g and 25 °C being the optimal values, respectively, reaching an efficiency of 72.52%. Furthermore, the utilization of the produced CaCO3 as a building material has been analyzed. The density, superficial hardness and the compressive strength of a material composed of 10 wt% of CaCO3 and 90 wt% of commercial gypsum, with a water/solid ratio of 0.5, is measured. When the waste is added, the density and the mechanical properties decreased, although the compressive strength and superficial hardness are higher than the requirements for gypsum panels. Thus, this work is promising for the carbonation of FGD-gypsum, which involves its chemical transformation into calcium carbonate through reacting it with the CO2 of flue gasses and recycling the generated wastes in construction materials. The use of waste to capture CO2 has been on the rise, to reduce costs and to improve the environmental footprint. Here, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum waste is proposed, which allows us to obtain a CaCO3-based solid, which should be recycled. The CO2 capture stage has primarily been carried out via the direct carbonation method or at high temperature. However, a high energy penalty and/or long reaction times make it unattractive from an industrial perspective. To avoid this, herein an indirect method is proposed, based on first capturing the CO2 with NaOH and later using an aqueous carbonation stage. This allows us to capture CO2 at a near-ambient temperature, improving reaction times and avoiding the energy penalty. The parameters studied were Ca2+/CO32- ratio, L/S ratio and temperature. Each of them has been optimized, with 1.25, 100 mL/g and 25 °C being the optimal values, respectively, reaching an efficiency of 72.52%. Furthermore, the utilization of the produced CaCO3 as a building material has been analyzed. The density, superficial hardness and the compressive strength of a material composed of 10 wt% of CaCO3 and 90 wt% of commercial gypsum, with a water/solid ratio of 0.5, is measured. When the waste is added, the density and the mechanical properties decreased, although the compressive strength and superficial hardness are higher than the requirements for gypsum panels. Thus, this work is promising for the carbonation of FGD-gypsum, which involves its chemical transformation into calcium carbonate through reacting it with the CO2 of flue gasses and recycling the generated wastes in construction materials.The use of waste to capture CO2 has been on the rise, to reduce costs and to improve the environmental footprint. Here, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum waste is proposed, which allows us to obtain a CaCO3-based solid, which should be recycled. The CO2 capture stage has primarily been carried out via the direct carbonation method or at high temperature. However, a high energy penalty and/or long reaction times make it unattractive from an industrial perspective. To avoid this, herein an indirect method is proposed, based on first capturing the CO2 with NaOH and later using an aqueous carbonation stage. This allows us to capture CO2 at a near-ambient temperature, improving reaction times and avoiding the energy penalty. The parameters studied were Ca2+/CO32- ratio, L/S ratio and temperature. Each of them has been optimized, with 1.25, 100 mL/g and 25 °C being the optimal values, respectively, reaching an efficiency of 72.52%. Furthermore, the utilization of the produced CaCO3 as a building material has been analyzed. The density, superficial hardness and the compressive strength of a material composed of 10 wt% of CaCO3 and 90 wt% of commercial gypsum, with a water/solid ratio of 0.5, is measured. When the waste is added, the density and the mechanical properties decreased, although the compressive strength and superficial hardness are higher than the requirements for gypsum panels. Thus, this work is promising for the carbonation of FGD-gypsum, which involves its chemical transformation into calcium carbonate through reacting it with the CO2 of flue gasses and recycling the generated wastes in construction materials. |
Author | González-Arias, Judith Baena-Moreno, Francisco Manuel Ruiz-Martinez, Jaime D Moreno, Virginia Balart-Gimeno, Rafael Leiva, Carlos |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Virginia orcidid: 0000-0002-9132-0995 surname: Moreno fullname: Moreno, Virginia – sequence: 2 givenname: Judith orcidid: 0000-0001-5470-6939 surname: González-Arias fullname: González-Arias, Judith – sequence: 3 givenname: Jaime D. orcidid: 0009-0006-9360-2087 surname: Ruiz-Martinez fullname: Ruiz-Martinez, Jaime D. – sequence: 4 givenname: Rafael orcidid: 0000-0001-5670-7126 surname: Balart-Gimeno fullname: Balart-Gimeno, Rafael – sequence: 5 givenname: Francisco Manuel orcidid: 0000-0002-6741-3614 surname: Baena-Moreno fullname: Baena-Moreno, Francisco Manuel – sequence: 6 givenname: Carlos orcidid: 0000-0001-7967-8102 surname: Leiva fullname: Leiva, Carlos |
BookMark | eNpdkUFv1DAQhSNUJErphV9giQtCSoljJ7a5wUK3lVpthUBVT9bEnhSvEju1k8Ne-eV4u4hW-DLWzDdP72leF0c-eCyKt7Q6Y0xVH0eggjZMCP6iOKZKtSVVnB89-78qTlPaVvkxRmWtjovf5-uv5Xo3pWUkt5BmJHMgK5jmJSJZbWoC3u5b39HszIDEefJlcYN1_p5cw4zRwZA-kc00uxGGjIGZXfDkzuFgH5dvIg5udB7ijlyj-QXemUzexDBhnB2mN8XLPovg6d96Uvw8__ZjdVFebdaXq89Xpaklm0uOjCrZN520UspWGtEyCjmVwsrSpulBAu9VB7Si0LQyTxC4ob1lnPO6YyfF5UHXBtjqKWbDcacDOP3YCPFeQzaUU-pa1b0xlFMrFbcdB2uZVW0vO4FCtiJrvT9oTTE8LJhmPbpkcBjAY1iSZpWitWxErTL67j90G5boc9I9VammFkpm6sOBMjGkFLH_Z5BWen9d_XRd9gdbN5dq |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.028 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114848 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.204 10.1007/s40030-023-00736-7 10.3390/ma17102204 10.3390/environments10040066 10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.010 10.3390/su11020537 10.1016/j.ijggc.2022.103798 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102292 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122523 10.3390/su16020836 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.08.022 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.020 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1760 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131918 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.12.065 10.1021/ac501932f 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109572 10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y 10.3390/pr6110205 10.1039/C8RA06608F 10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.009 10.3390/ma17081813 10.1016/j.jece.2024.112510 10.3390/su16073050 10.7764/RDLC.22.1.122 10.3390/fire6110416 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SR 8FD 8FE 8FG ABJCF ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU D1I DWQXO HCIFZ JG9 KB. PDBOC PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 DOA |
DOI | 10.3390/ma17153774 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Technology Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea SciTech Premium Collection Materials Research Database Materials Science Database Materials Science Collection Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Materials Science Collection Materials Research Database Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Engineered Materials Abstracts ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea Materials Science & Engineering Collection Materials Science Database ProQuest One Academic MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 1996-1944 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_292fcc141d894db4add3d96f8b7e7867 10_3390_ma17153774 |
GeographicLocations | Spain |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Spain |
GroupedDBID | 29M 2WC 2XV 53G 5GY 5VS 8FE 8FG AADQD AAFWJ AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABJCF ADBBV AENEX AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU CITATION CZ9 D1I E3Z EBS ESX FRP GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HYE I-F IAO KB. KC. KQ8 MK~ MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PDBOC PGMZT PIMPY PROAC RIG RPM TR2 TUS 7SR 8FD ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO ITC JG9 PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c283t-4e3198f5b8d88868c7631a1949e0d155fa8a4f9ba101a568194ea4c1fd34442b3 |
IEDL.DBID | DOA |
ISSN | 1996-1944 |
IngestDate | Mon Aug 12 19:20:34 EDT 2024 Mon Aug 12 17:02:22 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 19 04:18:48 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 04:28:20 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 15 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c283t-4e3198f5b8d88868c7631a1949e0d155fa8a4f9ba101a568194ea4c1fd34442b3 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-6741-3614 0000-0002-9132-0995 0009-0006-9360-2087 0000-0001-5670-7126 0000-0001-7967-8102 0000-0001-5470-6939 |
OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/292fcc141d894db4add3d96f8b7e7867 |
PQID | 3090952798 |
PQPubID | 2032366 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_292fcc141d894db4add3d96f8b7e7867 proquest_miscellaneous_3091285729 proquest_journals_3090952798 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma17153774 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2024-08-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-08-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2024 text: 2024-08-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Basel |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
PublicationTitle | Materials |
PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
References | Luna (ref_21) 2023; 22 Buzgar (ref_29) 2009; 55 Koralegedara (ref_5) 2019; 251 Xu (ref_31) 2018; 8 (ref_4) 2015; 144 ref_34 Amghar (ref_1) 2024; 140 ref_32 Leonzio (ref_25) 2016; 131 Rojas (ref_11) 2024; 12 ref_19 Rissman (ref_10) 2020; 266 ref_18 ref_17 Rahmanihanzaki (ref_14) 2022; 121 ref_15 Lee (ref_12) 2012; 47 Maiti (ref_6) 2023; 104 Baciocchi (ref_23) 2013; 33 Vega (ref_26) 2017; 114 Vega (ref_16) 2019; 670 ref_22 Altiner (ref_33) 2017; 53 ref_20 Heede (ref_7) 2014; 122 Imani (ref_9) 2023; 305 ref_2 ref_28 Maiti (ref_3) 2023; 393 ref_27 Song (ref_13) 2012; 213 ref_8 Olazabal (ref_30) 2014; 86 Hanifa (ref_24) 2023; 67 |
References_xml | – ident: ref_28 – volume: 140 start-page: 230 year: 2024 ident: ref_1 article-title: Ca-Based Materials Derived from Calcined Cigarette Butts for CO2 Capture and Thermochemical Energy Storage publication-title: J. Environ. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.028 contributor: fullname: Amghar – volume: 266 start-page: 114848 year: 2020 ident: ref_10 article-title: Technologies and Policies to Decarbonize Global Industry: Review and Assessment of Mitigation Drivers through 2070 publication-title: Appl. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114848 contributor: fullname: Rissman – ident: ref_32 – volume: 670 start-page: 59 year: 2019 ident: ref_16 article-title: Synergizing Carbon Capture Storage and Utilization in a Biogas Upgrading Lab-Scale Plant Based on Calcium Chloride: Influence of Precipitation Parameters publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.204 contributor: fullname: Vega – volume: 104 start-page: 603 year: 2023 ident: ref_6 article-title: Light Weight Plasters Containing Vermiculite and FGD Gypsum for Sustainable and Energy Efficient Building Construction Materials publication-title: J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. A doi: 10.1007/s40030-023-00736-7 contributor: fullname: Maiti – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.3390/ma17102204 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.3390/environments10040066 – volume: 213 start-page: 251 year: 2012 ident: ref_13 article-title: Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate during Direct Aqueous Carbonation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum publication-title: Chem. Eng. J. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.010 contributor: fullname: Song – ident: ref_8 doi: 10.3390/su11020537 – volume: 121 start-page: 103798 year: 2022 ident: ref_14 article-title: A Review of Mineral Carbonation by Alkaline Solidwaste publication-title: Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2022.103798 contributor: fullname: Rahmanihanzaki – volume: 67 start-page: 102292 year: 2023 ident: ref_24 article-title: A Review on CO2 Capture and Sequestration in the Construction Industry: Emerging Approaches and Commercialised Technologies publication-title: J. CO2 Util. doi: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102292 contributor: fullname: Hanifa – volume: 305 start-page: 122523 year: 2023 ident: ref_9 article-title: A Novel, Green, Cost-Effective and Fluidizable SiO2-Decorated Calcium-Based Adsorbent Recovered from Eggshell Waste for the CO2 Capture Process publication-title: Sep. Purif. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122523 contributor: fullname: Imani – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.3390/su16020836 – volume: 33 start-page: 2694 year: 2013 ident: ref_23 article-title: Performance of a Biogas Upgrading Process Based on Alkali Absorption with Regeneration Using Air Pollution Control Residues publication-title: Waste Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.08.022 contributor: fullname: Baciocchi – volume: 131 start-page: 364 year: 2016 ident: ref_25 article-title: Upgrading of Biogas to Bio-Methane with Chemical Absorption Process: Simulation and Environmental Impact publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.020 contributor: fullname: Leonzio – volume: 55 start-page: 5 year: 2009 ident: ref_29 article-title: The Raman Study on Certain Sulfates publication-title: An. Stiint. U. Al. I-Mat contributor: fullname: Buzgar – volume: 114 start-page: 6222 year: 2017 ident: ref_26 article-title: Evaluation of MEA 5 M Performance at Different CO2 Concentrations of Flue Gas Tested at a CO2 Capture Lab-Scale Plant publication-title: Energy Procedia doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1760 contributor: fullname: Vega – volume: 393 start-page: 131918 year: 2023 ident: ref_3 article-title: A Comprehensive Review of Flue Gas Desulphurized Gypsum: Production, Properties, and Applications publication-title: Constr. Build. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131918 contributor: fullname: Maiti – volume: 144 start-page: 274 year: 2015 ident: ref_4 article-title: Status of Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) Systems from Coal-Fired Power Plants: Overview of the Physic-Chemical Control Processes of Wet Limestone FGDs publication-title: Fuel doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.12.065 – ident: ref_27 – volume: 53 start-page: 413 year: 2017 ident: ref_33 article-title: Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Particles with Different Morphologies from Dolomite Ore in the Presence of Various Hydroxide Additives publication-title: Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process contributor: fullname: Altiner – volume: 86 start-page: 10131 year: 2014 ident: ref_30 article-title: Raman Spectra of the Different Phases in the CaSO4–H2O System publication-title: Anal. Chem. doi: 10.1021/ac501932f contributor: fullname: Olazabal – volume: 251 start-page: 109572 year: 2019 ident: ref_5 article-title: Recent Advances in Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Processes and Applications—A Review publication-title: J. Environ. Manage. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109572 contributor: fullname: Koralegedara – volume: 122 start-page: 229 year: 2014 ident: ref_7 article-title: Tracing Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions to Fossil Fuel and Cement Producers, 1854–2010 publication-title: Clim. Chang. doi: 10.1007/s10584-013-0986-y contributor: fullname: Heede – ident: ref_15 doi: 10.3390/pr6110205 – volume: 8 start-page: 33985 year: 2018 ident: ref_31 article-title: Vibrational Properties of Isotopically Enriched Materials: The Case of Calcite publication-title: RSC Adv. doi: 10.1039/C8RA06608F contributor: fullname: Xu – volume: 47 start-page: 370 year: 2012 ident: ref_12 article-title: Mineral Carbonation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum for CO2 Sequestration publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.009 contributor: fullname: Lee – ident: ref_34 doi: 10.3390/ma17081813 – volume: 12 start-page: 112510 year: 2024 ident: ref_11 article-title: Carbon Sequestration through Mineral Carbonation: Using Commercial FGD-Gypsum from a Copper Smelter for Sustainable Waste Management and Environmental Impact Mitigation publication-title: J. Environ. Chem. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.112510 contributor: fullname: Rojas – ident: ref_19 doi: 10.3390/su16073050 – ident: ref_22 – volume: 22 start-page: 122 year: 2023 ident: ref_21 article-title: Effect of Different Ashes from Biomass Olive Pomace on the Mechanical and Fire Properties of Gypsum-Based Materials publication-title: Rev. De La Construcción doi: 10.7764/RDLC.22.1.122 contributor: fullname: Luna – ident: ref_20 doi: 10.3390/fire6110416 |
SSID | ssj0000331829 |
Score | 2.4251745 |
Snippet | The use of waste to capture CO2 has been on the rise, to reduce costs and to improve the environmental footprint. Here, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum... |
SourceID | doaj proquest crossref |
SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database |
StartPage | 3774 |
SubjectTerms | Ambient temperature building material Building materials Calcium carbonate Calcium ions Carbon dioxide Carbon sequestration Carbonation Climate change CO2 capture Compressive strength Construction materials Contamination Density Experiments Flue gas flue gas desulfurization Gypsum High temperature Humidity Industrial plant emissions Mechanical properties Reaction time Scanning electron microscopy Spectrum analysis Waste management waste valorization |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection dbid: 8FG link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB6V9gIHxKOIhYKM4Bpt7DiJzQXRhd1VpdKqakU5RX5WSGyybNPDXvnlzCTZLahSr07iSJ6Hv7FnvgH4oBRPXdRpIp3QiQwyTayMaZKHTAkvApHEUbbFt2J-IY8u88sdmG9qYSitcuMTO0ftG0dn5OMs1YgGRKnV2Fg6BXDt-NPyd0L9o-iedWim8QD2OHHiUc34dLY9bUkz1F2he37SDOP88cLwEq29LOV_O1JH3H_HL3ebzfQJPB5QIvvci_Up7IT6GTz6hzvwOfyZzr4kszUGuQv23aCsWNuwiVnSjQCbnAhmak9DiAvXOAf7WbPDoQU2OzZtr3gf2Qm6jAX-6iz0FQ7sB6W0dR-frsKvrufXas2OA1UIk0BxuFlSMna43oeL6dfzyTwZGiokDlFEi6JAg1Mxt8pj4Fsoh86FG66lDqlHYBGNMjJqa9BODTGTaRmMdDz6TEopbPYCduumDi-BeesRufGYekpz81K7HNGAyUIhnDCcj-D9ZlGrZc-bUWG8QUtf3S79CA5pvbdvENd1N9CsrqrBdCqhRXSOS-6Vlt5K9MiZ10VUtgylKsoRHGykVQ0GeF3dqssI3m0fo-nQfYipQ3PTvYO7c47hxav7p3gNDwVimT7v7wB229VNeINYpLVvOzX7CwNU3kQ priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
Title | FGD-Gypsum Waste to Capture CO2 and to Recycle in Building Materials: Optimal Reaction Yield and Preliminary Mechanical Properties |
URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3090952798/abstract/ https://www.proquest.com/docview/3091285729/abstract/ https://doaj.org/article/292fcc141d894db4add3d96f8b7e7867 |
Volume | 17 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV07b9swED6kyZIORdOmqNvUYNGuQkTqJJHdajd2UCAPBAniTgLFBxCglg1HGbzml-coKqmLDlm6aKBexB3v7jvw-B3AVyl5arxKEzRCJegwTWr0aZK7TAorXCCJC9UWp8XxFf6c5bONVl-hJizSA0fBHQolvDEcuZUKbY1kj5lVhZd16UpZxHPkPN9IpjofnNFaFSrykWaU1x_ONS_JussS_4pAHVH_P364Cy6T1_CqR4Xse5zNHmy55g283OAKfAv3k-mPZLqmpHbOrjXphrULNtbLsAPAxmeC6caGIcKBa_oGu2nYqG95zU50GxfaN3ZGLmJOv7pw8UQD-xVK2LqXz1fud9fja7VmJy6cCA4KpOHFMhRfu9t9uJocXY6Pk76BQmIINbQkejIw6fNaWkp0C2nImXDNFSqXWgISXkuNXtWa7FIHJjKFTqPh3maIKOrsHWw3i8a9B2ZrS0iN-9SGsjaLyuQU_XXmCmGE5nwAXx6FWi0jT0ZF-UUQffVH9AMYBXk_PRG4rbsB0njVa7x6TuMDOHjUVtUb3G2VpYrAoiiVHMDnp9tkKmH_Qzducdc9Q9E4p3Tiw_-Yx0fYFYRwYjXgAWy3qzv3iRBKWw_hhZxMh7AzOjo9vxh2S5Ou0xl_AKiF5wo |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,2115,12792,21416,27957,27958,33408,33409,33779,33780,43635,43840,74392,74659 |
linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lj9MwELZgOQAHxFMUFjCCa7SxPUlsLogttAW2uwjtiuUUOX4gJJqUNnvolV_OTJJ2QUhcHduR5vmNPZ5h7KXWInXRpAk4aRIIkCYVxDTJgtLSy0BF4ijb4jifncGH8-x8OHBbD2mVW5vYGWrfODojP1CpQTQgC6NfL38m1DWKbleHFhpX2TVQ6DrppfhkujtjSRVKrDR9VVKF0f3BwooCdbwo4C8_1JXr_8cady5mcpvdGrAhf9Mz8w67Euq77OYfFQPvsV-T6dtkusHQdsG_WOQQbxs-tku6B-DjE8lt7WkI0eAG9-Dfa344NL7mc9v24vaKn6ChWOCvPof-XQP_Sols3eJPq_Cj6_S12vB5oHfBxEYcbpaUgh3W99nZ5N3peJYMbRQSh9ihRQagmumYVdpjuJtrhyZFWGHAhNQjnIhWW4imsqidluqRGQgWnIheAYCs1AO2Vzd1eMi4rzziNRFTT8ltHozLEANYFXLppBVixF5siVou-2oZJUYZRPrykvQjdkj03s2gCtfdQLP6Vg4KU0ojo3MChNcGfAVoh5U3edRVEQqdFyO2v-VWOajdurwUkhF7vvuMCkO3ILYOzUU3B31yhkHFo_9v8Yxdn53Oj8qj98cfH7MbEtFMn_m3z_ba1UV4gmikrZ52IvcbzQ7dcg |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1bT9swFLYYSNN4mMYuoowNT9tr1Ng5Sey9TGuhsAulQkNjT5HjC5q0JqUND33ll3OcuGUT0l4dx5HOzd-JP59DyAchWKydjCPQXEZgIY5KcHGU2kRww60vEufZFuPs5AK-XqaXgf-0CLTKVUxsA7Wptf9H3k9iiWiA51L0XaBFTA5Hn2bXke8g5U9aQzuNR2QrhyxFC98aHI0n5-s_LnGC9stlV6M0wVy_P1UsR4_Pc_hnV2qL9z-Ize2GM3pGngakSD93qt0hG7Z6Trb_qh_4gtyOjg-j4yUmulP6U6G-aFPToZr5UwE6PONUVcYPITZc4hr0d0UHoQ02PVVNZ3wf6RmGjSl-6tx2txzoL09ra1-ezO2ftu_XfElPrb8l7JWKw_XME7Lt4iW5GB39GJ5EoalCpBFJNKgOdDrh0lIYTH4zoTHAMMUkSBsbBBdOCQVOlgp9VfnqZBKsAs2cSQCAl8krslnVld0l1JQG0RtzsfFUNwNSp4gIVGIzrrlirEfer4RazLraGQXmHF70xb3oe2Tg5b2e4etdtwP1_KoI7lNwyZ3WDJgREkwJGJUTIzMnytzmIst7ZH-lrSI44aK4N5keebd-jO7jz0RUZeubdg7u0CmmGHv_X-KAPEZ7K75_GX97TZ5whDYdDXCfbDbzG_sGoUlTvg02dwfuMeMV |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FGD-Gypsum+Waste+to+Capture+CO2+and+to+Recycle+in+Building+Materials%3A+Optimal+Reaction+Yield+and+Preliminary+Mechanical+Properties&rft.jtitle=Materials&rft.au=Virginia+Moreno&rft.au=Judith+Gonz%C3%A1lez-Arias&rft.au=Jaime+D.+Ruiz-Martinez&rft.au=Rafael+Balart-Gimeno&rft.date=2024-08-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1996-1944&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3774&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fma17153774&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_292fcc141d894db4add3d96f8b7e7867 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1996-1944&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1996-1944&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1996-1944&client=summon |