In vitro inflammatory modulation of bioceramic endodontic sealer in macrophages stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide

• Published in: International endodontic journal Vol. 56; no. 2; pp. 213 - 226
• Main Authors: Martorano, Antônio Secco, Messias, Nadyne Saab, Bighetti‐Trevisan, Rayana Longo, Oliveira, Paulo Tambasco, Castro Raucci, Larissa Moreira Spinola, Raucci Neto, Walter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2023
• Subjects: biomaterials; Cell culture; Cell density; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cytology; Cytotoxicity; Epoxy Resins; Gene expression; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Macrophages; Materials Testing; Mitochondria; Oxidative stress; Root Canal Filling Materials - pharmacology; Sealing compounds; Silicates - pharmacology; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumors; Variance analysis; macrophages; lipopolysaccharides; biomaterials; inflammation; cytotoxicity
• ISSN: 0143-2885; 1365-2591
• DOI: 10.1111/iej.13858

Aim To evaluate the effects of AH Plus (Dentsply), Sealer 26 (Dentsply), and Sealer Plus BC (Produtos Médicos e Odontológicos) on cytotoxicity and inflammation in macrophage cultures exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methodology After initial setting, the sealers were conditioned with serum‐free culture medium for 24 h (1 ml/cm2). Macrophages from the RAW 264.7 strain were exposed to sealer extracts in a 1:16 ratio in a culture medium with or without LPS. Cell morphology, viability, mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress and gene expression of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were evaluated. Data on mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress and TNF‐α were analysed using a two‐way analysis of variance (anova) test, followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls post‐test. IL‐1β data were analysed using one‐way anova, followed by SNK, and the t‐test was used for intragroup comparison. The significance level was set at 5%. Results In the absence of LPS, only AH Plus and Sealer 26 showed a reduction in cell density, while in the presence of LPS, Sealer 26 had the lowest density compared to the other groups. In terms of mitochondrial activity, at 24 and 48 h, Sealer Plus BC had significantly higher mean values than Sealer 26 and AH Plus (p < .05). Sealer 26 exhibited the lowest levels of oxidative stress and IL‐1β and TNF‐α expression, regardless of the presence of LPS (p < .05). Conclusions Although all sealers interfere with the response of macrophages to LPS, contact with epoxy resin‐based sealers can impair cell activity in vitro, while bioceramic sealer seems to favour the inflammatory functions of these cells.