Buoy Measurements of Wind–Wave Relations during Hurricane Matthew in 2016
Abstract Studies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10 m U 10 ≥ 9 m s −1 and wave steepness H s / L p ≥ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for aerodynamically rough ocean surface and the onset of a wind sea, respectively; here, H s is the significant wave height, and L p is the peak waveleng...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of physical oceanography Vol. 47; no. 10; pp. 2603 - 2609 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
01.10.2017
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Abstract
Studies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10 m
U
10
≥ 9 m s
−1
and wave steepness
H
s
/
L
p
≥ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for aerodynamically rough ocean surface and the onset of a wind sea, respectively; here,
H
s
is the significant wave height, and
L
p
is the peak wavelength. Based on these criteria, it is found that, for the growing wind seas when the wave steepness increases with time during Hurricane Matthew in 2016 before the arrival of its center, the dimensionless significant wave height and peak period is approximately linearly related, resulting in
U
10
= 35
H
s
/
T
p
; here,
T
p
is the dominant or peak wave period. This proposed wind–wave relation for aerodynamically rough flow over the wind seas is further verified under Hurricane Ivan and North Sea storm conditions. However, after the passage of Matthew’s center, when the wave steepness was nearly steady, a power-law relation between the dimensionless wave height and its period prevailed with its exponent equal to 1.86 and a very high correlation coefficient of 0.97. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract
Studies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10 m
U
10
≥ 9 m s
−1
and wave steepness
H
s
/
L
p
≥ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for aerodynamically rough ocean surface and the onset of a wind sea, respectively; here,
H
s
is the significant wave height, and
L
p
is the peak wavelength. Based on these criteria, it is found that, for the growing wind seas when the wave steepness increases with time during Hurricane Matthew in 2016 before the arrival of its center, the dimensionless significant wave height and peak period is approximately linearly related, resulting in
U
10
= 35
H
s
/
T
p
; here,
T
p
is the dominant or peak wave period. This proposed wind–wave relation for aerodynamically rough flow over the wind seas is further verified under Hurricane Ivan and North Sea storm conditions. However, after the passage of Matthew’s center, when the wave steepness was nearly steady, a power-law relation between the dimensionless wave height and its period prevailed with its exponent equal to 1.86 and a very high correlation coefficient of 0.97. |
| Author | He, Yijun Shen, Hui Hsu, S. A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: S. A. surname: Hsu fullname: Hsu, S. A. organization: School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, and Coastal Studies Institute, and Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana – sequence: 2 givenname: Yijun surname: He fullname: He, Yijun organization: School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hui surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Hui organization: School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, and Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| BookMark | eNot0EFOwzAUBFALFYm0sGbrC5h-O3HiLKGFFmhVhEBdWq79A0Gtg-wE1B134IachFSwGmkWo9EbkoFvPBJyzuGC80KO7x5WbMp4zkCovjoiCZcCGGRKDkgCIARL8wJOyDDGNwDIuSgTcn_VNXu6RBO7gDv0baRNRde1dz9f32vzgfQRt6atGx-p60LtX-i8C6G2xiNdmrZ9xU9aeyqA56fkuDLbiGf_OSLPN9dPkzlbrGa3k8sFs0KJlpVObDLEXHGFpnKllP05JdONtFaAU6jAWV7YtIIMSuVkiSgLWxhIhbJKpCMy_tu1oYkxYKXfQ70zYa856IOF7i30VPNcHyw0T38BmdFUCQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_21926_aeer_2302037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apor_2019_04_011 crossref_primary_10_1029_2020JC016829 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2024_117983 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023GL104139 crossref_primary_10_1029_2021EA001956 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1017/jfm.2015.468 10.1029/2006JC003540 10.1175/JPO2704.1 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1988)114:5(637) 10.1007/BF00121176 10.1175/JPO-D-11-044.1 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00075.1 10.1175/2008JAMC1841.1 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0116.1 10.1029/JC092iC12p13127 10.1017/S0022112002001945 10.1007/BF02109772 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0173.1 10.1007/s10872-005-0050-2 10.1080/07055900.1989.9649334 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1503:ASOTGO>2.0.CO;2 10.1016/S0029-8018(97)00011-5 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1278:AEOFLW>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0312.1 10.1017/S0022112007008282 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0572:TDOSSR>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0200:APWPM>2.0.CO;2 10.1029/2012JC007983 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0563:FIOTOT>2.0.CO;2 10.1017/S0022112010004921 10.1175/2009JPO4127.1 10.1175/2008JPO3893.1 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:4(174) 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145541 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0135.1 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<2316:FMODGO>2.0.CO;2 10.1002/2013JC009289 10.1098/rsta.1985.0054 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0051.1 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0280.1 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Oceanography |
| EISSN | 1520-0485 |
| EndPage | 2609 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1175_JPO_D_16_0280_1 |
| GroupedDBID | -~X 29L 2WC 3V. 4.4 476 5GY 6TJ 7XC 88I 8AF 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8G5 8R4 8R5 AAYXX ABDBF ABDNZ ABPPZ ABRJW ABUWG ACGFO ACGOD ACIHN ACMJI ACNCT ACYGS AEAQA AENEX AFFNX AFKRA AFRAH AI. ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALQLQ ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BCR BCU BEC BENPR BES BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR BLC BPHCQ C1A CAG CCPQU CITATION COF CS3 D1J D1K DU5 DWQXO E3Z EAD EAP EAS EBS EDH EJD EMK EPL EST ESX F5P F8P FRP GNUQQ GUQSH H13 HCIFZ I-F K6- LK5 M1Q M2O M2P M2Q M7R MV1 OHT OK1 P2P P62 PATMY PCBAR PEA PQQKQ PROAC PYCSY Q2X RWA RWE RWL RXW S0X SJFOW TAE TN5 TR2 TUS U5U UPT VH1 VOH YQT ~02 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c282t-9d2b4ee6818eafd955002853b5cc20d8e80dc17c3f04098d59ee57c7a0328c823 |
| ISSN | 0022-3670 |
| IngestDate | Fri Aug 23 00:43:49 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 10 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c282t-9d2b4ee6818eafd955002853b5cc20d8e80dc17c3f04098d59ee57c7a0328c823 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0280.1 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1175_JPO_D_16_0280_1 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2017-10-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2017 text: 2017-10-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of physical oceanography |
| PublicationYear | 2017 |
| References | Hasse (2020061705512941200_bib14) 1985; 31 Hsu (2020061705512941200_bib18) 2003; 129 Hwang (2020061705512941200_bib19) 2005; 61 Holthuijsen (2020061705512941200_bib17) 2012; 117 Badulin (2020061705512941200_bib3) 2007; 591 Hwang (2020061705512941200_bib21) 2004; 34 Dobson (2020061705512941200_bib6) 1989; 27 Donelan (2020061705512941200_bib7) 1985; A315 Hwang (2020061705512941200_bib24) 2012; 29 Hwang (2020061705512941200_bib22) 2016; 46 Babanin (2020061705512941200_bib2) 1998; 28 Hara (2020061705512941200_bib13) 2015; 45 Hasselmann (2020061705512941200_bib15) 1973 Caulliez (2020061705512941200_bib5) 2008; 38 Reichl (2020061705512941200_bib26) 2014; 119 Wen (2020061705512941200_bib32) 1989; 8 Young (2020061705512941200_bib34) 1998; 25 Hara (2020061705512941200_bib12) 2002; 470 Toba (2020061705512941200_bib30) 1972; 28 Ewans (2020061705512941200_bib9) 1990; 20 Romero (2020061705512941200_bib27) 2010; 40 Young (2020061705512941200_bib33) 1988; 114 Young (2020061705512941200_bib35) 2006; 111 Zakharov (2020061705512941200_bib37) 2015; 780 Gagnaire-Renou (2020061705512941200_bib10) 2011; 669 Hasselmann (2020061705512941200_bib16) 1976; 6 Andreas (2020061705512941200_bib1) 2012; 69 Geernaert (2020061705512941200_bib11) 1987; 92 Drennan (2020061705512941200_bib8) 2005; 35 Hwang (2020061705512941200_bib23) 2011; 41 Buckley (2020061705512941200_bib4) 2016; 46 Taylor (2020061705512941200_bib29) 2001; 31 Sullivan (2020061705512941200_bib28) 2010; 42 Davidan (2020061705512941200_bib38) 1980; 151 Kahma (2020061705512941200_bib25) 1981; 11 Vickery (2020061705512941200_bib31) 2009; 48 Hwang (2020061705512941200_bib20) 2016; 46 Zakharov (2020061705512941200_bib36) 1983; 19 |
| References_xml | – volume: 780 start-page: 503 year: 2015 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib37 article-title: Universality of sea wave growth and its physical roots publication-title: J. Fluid Mech. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2015.468 contributor: fullname: Zakharov – volume: 111 start-page: C08020 year: 2006 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib35 article-title: Directional spectra of hurricane wind waves publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/2006JC003540 contributor: fullname: Young – volume: 35 start-page: 835 year: 2005 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib8 article-title: Parameterizing the sea surface roughness publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/JPO2704.1 contributor: fullname: Drennan – volume: 114 start-page: 637 year: 1988 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib33 article-title: Parametric hurricane wave prediction model publication-title: J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1988)114:5(637) contributor: fullname: Young – volume: 31 start-page: 177 year: 1985 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib14 article-title: On the conversion of Pasquill categories for use over sea publication-title: Bound.-Layer Meteor. doi: 10.1007/BF00121176 contributor: fullname: Hasse – volume: 41 start-page: 2343 year: 2011 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib23 article-title: Observations of wind wave development in mixed seas and unsteady wind forcing publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-044.1 contributor: fullname: Hwang – volume: 29 start-page: 116 year: 2012 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib24 article-title: Wind sea and swell separation of 1D wave spectrum by a spectrum integration method publication-title: J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00075.1 contributor: fullname: Hwang – volume: 48 start-page: 381 year: 2009 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib31 article-title: A hurricane boundary layer and wind field model for use in engineering applications publication-title: J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. doi: 10.1175/2008JAMC1841.1 contributor: fullname: Vickery – volume: 45 start-page: 868 year: 2015 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib13 article-title: Wave boundary layer turbulence over surface waves in a strongly forced condition publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0116.1 contributor: fullname: Hara – volume: 92 start-page: 13 127 year: 1987 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib11 article-title: Measurements of the wind stress, heat flux, and turbulence intensity during storm conditions over the North Sea publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/JC092iC12p13127 contributor: fullname: Geernaert – volume: 470 start-page: 223 year: 2002 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib12 article-title: Wind forcing in the equilibrium range of wind-wave spectra publication-title: J. Fluid Mech. doi: 10.1017/S0022112002001945 contributor: fullname: Hara – volume: 19 start-page: 406 year: 1983 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib36 article-title: The dependence of wave parameters on wind velocity, its duration and fetch in a weak turbulence theory of wind waves publication-title: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Atmos. Okeana contributor: fullname: Zakharov – year: 1973 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib15 contributor: fullname: Hasselmann – volume: 28 start-page: 109 year: 1972 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib30 article-title: Local balance in the air–sea boundary processes. Part I. On the growth process of wind waves publication-title: J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan doi: 10.1007/BF02109772 contributor: fullname: Toba – volume: 46 start-page: 41 year: 2016 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib20 article-title: Fetch- and duration-limited nature of surface wave growth inside tropical cyclones: With applications to air–sea exchange and remote sensing publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0173.1 contributor: fullname: Hwang – volume: 8 start-page: 15 year: 1989 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib32 article-title: Parameters in wind-wave frequency spectra and their bearings on spectrum forms and growth publication-title: Acta Oceanol. Sin. contributor: fullname: Wen – volume: 61 start-page: 399 year: 2005 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib19 article-title: Drag coefficient, dynamic roughness and reference wind speed publication-title: J. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1007/s10872-005-0050-2 contributor: fullname: Hwang – volume: 27 start-page: 210 year: 1989 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib6 article-title: On the deep-water fetch law for wind-generated gravity waves publication-title: Atmos.–Ocean doi: 10.1080/07055900.1989.9649334 contributor: fullname: Dobson – volume: 11 start-page: 1503 year: 1981 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib25 article-title: A study of growth of the wave spectrum with fetch publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1503:ASOTGO>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Kahma – volume: 25 start-page: 261 year: 1998 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib34 article-title: Observations of the spectra of hurricane generated waves publication-title: Ocean Eng. doi: 10.1016/S0029-8018(97)00011-5 contributor: fullname: Young – volume: 151 start-page: 8 year: 1980 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib38 article-title: Investigation of wave probability structure on field data (in Russian) publication-title: Tr. Gos. Okeanogr. Inst. contributor: fullname: Davidan – volume: 20 start-page: 1278 year: 1990 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib9 article-title: An examination of fetch-limited wave growth off the west coast of New Zealand by a comparison with the JONSWAP results publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1278:AEOFLW>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Ewans – volume: 69 start-page: 2520 year: 2012 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib1 article-title: A new drag relation for aerodynamically rough flow over the ocean publication-title: J. Atmos. Sci. doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0312.1 contributor: fullname: Andreas – volume: 591 start-page: 339 year: 2007 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib3 article-title: Weakly turbulent laws of wind-wave growth publication-title: J. Fluid Mech. doi: 10.1017/S0022112007008282 contributor: fullname: Badulin – volume: 31 start-page: 572 year: 2001 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib29 article-title: The dependence of sea roughness on the height and steepness of the waves publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0572:TDOSSR>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Taylor – volume: 6 start-page: 200 year: 1976 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib16 article-title: A parametric wave prediction model publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0200:APWPM>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Hasselmann – volume: 117 start-page: C09003 year: 2012 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib17 article-title: Wind and waves in extreme hurricanes publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/2012JC007983 contributor: fullname: Holthuijsen – volume: 28 start-page: 563 year: 1998 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib2 article-title: Field investigation of transformation of the wind wave frequency spectrum with fetch and the stage of development publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0563:FIOTOT>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Babanin – volume: 669 start-page: 178 year: 2011 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib10 article-title: On weakly turbulent scaling of wind sea in simulations of fetch-limited growth publication-title: J. Fluid Mech. doi: 10.1017/S0022112010004921 contributor: fullname: Gagnaire-Renou – volume: 40 start-page: 441 year: 2010 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib27 article-title: Airborne observations of fetch-limited waves in the Gulf of Tehuantepec publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/2009JPO4127.1 contributor: fullname: Romero – volume: 38 start-page: 2038 year: 2008 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib5 article-title: Drag of the water surface at very short fetches: Observations and modeling publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/2008JPO3893.1 contributor: fullname: Caulliez – volume: 129 start-page: 174 year: 2003 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib18 article-title: Estimating overwater friction velocity and exponent of power-law wind profile from gust factor during storms publication-title: J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:4(174) contributor: fullname: Hsu – volume: 42 start-page: 19 year: 2010 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib28 article-title: Dynamics of winds and currents coupled to surface waves publication-title: Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145541 contributor: fullname: Sullivan – volume: 46 start-page: 1377 year: 2016 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib4 article-title: Structure of the airflow above surface waves publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0135.1 contributor: fullname: Buckley – volume: 34 start-page: 2316 year: 2004 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib21 article-title: Field measurements of duration-limited growth of wind-generated ocean surface waves at young stage of development publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<2316:FMODGO>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Hwang – volume: 119 start-page: 30 year: 2014 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib26 article-title: Sea state dependence of the wind stress over the ocean under hurricane winds publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Oceans doi: 10.1002/2013JC009289 contributor: fullname: Reichl – volume: A315 start-page: 509 year: 1985 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib7 article-title: Directional spectra of wind-generated waves publication-title: Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London doi: 10.1098/rsta.1985.0054 contributor: fullname: Donelan – volume: 46 start-page: 2605 year: 2016 ident: 2020061705512941200_bib22 article-title: Azimuthal and radial variation of wind-generated surface waves inside tropical cyclones publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0051.1 contributor: fullname: Hwang |
| SSID | ssj0006129 |
| Score | 2.299307 |
| Snippet | Abstract
Studies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10 m
U
10
≥ 9 m s
−1
and wave steepness
H
s
/
L
p
≥ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for... |
| SourceID | crossref |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database |
| StartPage | 2603 |
| Title | Buoy Measurements of Wind–Wave Relations during Hurricane Matthew in 2016 |
| Volume | 47 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JS8QwFA6iFxHEFXdy8CBIxk7bJO1RHcdBcQEVvZU0fYXx0BGdHvTkf_Af-kt8SVdFQb2UNgyhk-_jbX0LIdscRKxUqJlAXcR8XydMSQ9YCoDiUNkW5Sbb4lwMbvyTO37X5Kra6pJx3NEv39aV_AdVXENcTZXsH5CtN8UFvEd88YoI4_VXGB_ko-fdsybKZ9MybtHLrlIYvFszXKhJeCuLEgc27qcyM3fIjvs2UQ_U0eIHU_WhAhOVncraTa4NIZ5yG0Lt7O53msiqFe3D-7zm3lVZBjLIh-1IA2qvKmftU-a_KAZ9dKAUmK5JDy3G7lQSteihWTHHactH4XgtXYuP4fdyXJqWFyeXF6zHuiZLOsDFRmVVn-m_aLI6v9B6NpJHuEHUi7oiMhtE6CRPuSiPjCAM-se1wkYjL6ybyuPfKztA4QZ7X96gZby0rJDrOTJbYkL3Cy7MkwnIFsjMRQuWRXJqaEHbtKCjlBpavL--GULQmhC0IAStCUFLQtBhRg0hlshN_-j6cMDKmRlMo_M8ZmHixj6AQDsMVJqE6IDiq3Mv5lq7ThJA4CS6K7WXovQOg4SHAFxqqUxfRR243jKZzEYZrBCqBPdjwOOJVexLNMNTnWhwFJcAMuVilexUhxE9FK1Roh8Ofu33P10n0w33Nsjk-DGHTbT7xvGWRe0DjmhTlQ |
| link.rule.ids | 315,783,787,27936,27937 |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Buoy+Measurements+of+Wind%E2%80%93Wave+Relations+during+Hurricane+Matthew+in+2016&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+physical+oceanography&rft.au=Hsu%2C+S.+A.&rft.au=He%2C+Yijun&rft.au=Shen%2C+Hui&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.issn=0022-3670&rft.eissn=1520-0485&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2603&rft.epage=2609&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2FJPO-D-16-0280.1&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1175_JPO_D_16_0280_1 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0022-3670&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0022-3670&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0022-3670&client=summon |