Bacillus velezensis QSE-21 cell-free supernatant primes resistance and outperforms live cells in controlling Botrytis cinerea on tomato

• Published in: Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 16
• Main Authors: Gao, Saisai, Han, Hongjia, Yang, Fan, Liu, Xinyang, Liang, Wenxing, Liu, Mengjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A 07.08.2025
• Subjects: Bacillus velezensis; cell-free supernatant; immune priming; Microbiology; tomato gray mold; transcriptomics

IntroductionBiological control agents (BCAs) offer an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides for plant disease management. However, the efficacy of live microbial BCAs is often compromised by ecological constraints. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs), derived from BCA fermentation, c...