Observation of two-neutrino double electron capture in 124Xe with XENON1T

Two-neutrino double electron capture (2 ν ECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude 1 . Until now, indications of 2 ν ECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes 2 – 5 , 78 Kr and 130 Ba, and in...

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Published inNature (London) Vol. 568; no. 7753; pp. 532 - 535
Main Authors Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Antochi, V. C., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Elykov, A., Eurin, G., Fei, J., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Rosso, A. Gallo, Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Grandi, L., Greene, Z., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Howlett, J., Iacovacci, M., Itay, R., Joerg, F., Kaminsky, B., Kazama, S., Kish, A., Koltman, G., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Fune, E. López, Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Mastroianni, S., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miller, K., Molinario, A., Morå, K., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Odgers, K., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Podviianiuk, R., Priel, N., Qiu, H., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S., Riedel, B., Rizzo, A., Rocchetti, A., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Šarčević, N., Scheibelhut, M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.04.2019
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
639/766/387/1126
639/766/419/1131
639/766/419/866
Background levels
Beta decay
Dark matter
Electron capture
Electrons
Energy
Experiments
Half-life
Humanities and Social Sciences
Isotopes
Laboratories
Letter
Life prediction
Measuring instruments
multidisciplinary
Neutrinos
Nuclear structure
Physics
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensors
Statistics
Uncertainty
Universe
X-rays
Xenon
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0028-0836
1476-4687
1476-4687
DOI10.1038/s41586-019-1124-4

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Abstract Two-neutrino double electron capture (2 ν ECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude 1 . Until now, indications of 2 ν ECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes 2 – 5 , 78 Kr and 130 Ba, and instruments with very low background levels are needed to detect them directly with high statistical significance 6 , 7 . The 2 ν ECEC half-life is an important observable for nuclear structure models 8 – 14 and its measurement represents a meaningful step in the search for neutrinoless double electron capture—the detection of which would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and would give access to the absolute neutrino mass 15 – 17 . Here we report the direct observation of 2 ν ECEC in 124 Xe with the XENON1T dark-matter detector. The significance of the signal is 4.4 standard deviations and the corresponding half-life of 1.8 × 10 22  years (statistical uncertainty, 0.5 × 10 22  years; systematic uncertainty, 0.1 × 10 22  years) is the longest measured directly so far. This study demonstrates that the low background and large target mass of xenon-based dark-matter detectors make them well suited for measuring rare processes and highlights the broad physics reach of larger next-generation experiments 18 – 20 . Two-neutrino double electron capture is observed experimentally in 124 Xe with the XENON1T detector, yielding a half-life of 1.8 × 10 22 years.
AbstractList Two-neutrino double electron capture (2νECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude1. Until now, indications of 2νECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes2-5, 78Kr and 130Ba, and instruments with very low background levels are needed to detect them directly with high statistical significance6,7. The 2νECEC half-life is an important observable for nuclear structure models8-14 and its measurement represents a meaningful step in the search for neutrinoless double electron capture-the detection of which would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and would give access to the absolute neutrino mass15-17. Here we report the direct observation of 2νECEC in 124Xe with the XENON1T dark-matter detector. The significance of the signal is 4.4 standard deviations and the corresponding half-life of 1.8 × 1022 years (statistical uncertainty, 0.5 × 1022 years; systematic uncertainty, 0.1 × 1022 years) is the longest measured directly so far. This study demonstrates that the low background and large target mass of xenon-based dark-matter detectors make them well suited for measuring rare processes and highlights the broad physics reach of larger next-generation experiments18-20.Two-neutrino double electron capture (2νECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude1. Until now, indications of 2νECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes2-5, 78Kr and 130Ba, and instruments with very low background levels are needed to detect them directly with high statistical significance6,7. The 2νECEC half-life is an important observable for nuclear structure models8-14 and its measurement represents a meaningful step in the search for neutrinoless double electron capture-the detection of which would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and would give access to the absolute neutrino mass15-17. Here we report the direct observation of 2νECEC in 124Xe with the XENON1T dark-matter detector. The significance of the signal is 4.4 standard deviations and the corresponding half-life of 1.8 × 1022 years (statistical uncertainty, 0.5 × 1022 years; systematic uncertainty, 0.1 × 1022 years) is the longest measured directly so far. This study demonstrates that the low background and large target mass of xenon-based dark-matter detectors make them well suited for measuring rare processes and highlights the broad physics reach of larger next-generation experiments18-20.
Two-neutrino double electron capture (2νECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude. Until now, indications of 2νECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes, 78Kr and 130Ba, and instruments with very low background levels are needed to detect them directly with high statistical significance. The 2νECEC half-life is an important observable for nuclear structure models and its measurement represents a meaningful step in the search for neutrinoless double electron capture-the detection of which would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and would give access to the absolute neutrino mass. Here we report the direct observation of 2νECEC in 124Xe with the XENON1T dark-matter detector. The significance of the signal is 4.4 standard deviations and the corresponding half-life of 1.8 × 1022 years (statistical uncertainty, 0.5 × 1022 years; systematic uncertainty, 0.1 × 1022 years) is the longest measured directly so far. This study demonstrates that the low background and large target mass of xenon-based dark-matter detectors make them well suited for measuring rare processes and highlights the broad physics reach of larger next-generation experiments.
Two-neutrino double electron capture (2 ν ECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by many orders of magnitude 1 . Until now, indications of 2 ν ECEC decays have only been seen for two isotopes 2 – 5 , 78 Kr and 130 Ba, and instruments with very low background levels are needed to detect them directly with high statistical significance 6 , 7 . The 2 ν ECEC half-life is an important observable for nuclear structure models 8 – 14 and its measurement represents a meaningful step in the search for neutrinoless double electron capture—the detection of which would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino and would give access to the absolute neutrino mass 15 – 17 . Here we report the direct observation of 2 ν ECEC in 124 Xe with the XENON1T dark-matter detector. The significance of the signal is 4.4 standard deviations and the corresponding half-life of 1.8 × 10 22  years (statistical uncertainty, 0.5 × 10 22  years; systematic uncertainty, 0.1 × 10 22  years) is the longest measured directly so far. This study demonstrates that the low background and large target mass of xenon-based dark-matter detectors make them well suited for measuring rare processes and highlights the broad physics reach of larger next-generation experiments 18 – 20 . Two-neutrino double electron capture is observed experimentally in 124 Xe with the XENON1T detector, yielding a half-life of 1.8 × 10 22 years.
Author Garbini, M.
Aprile, E.
Sartorelli, G.
Agostini, F.
Bruenner, S.
Odgers, K.
Molinario, A.
Budnik, R.
Elykov, A.
Plante, G.
Lang, R. F.
Cichon, D.
Mastroianni, S.
Pizzella, V.
Lindemann, S.
Undagoitia, T. Marrodán
Itay, R.
Oberlack, U.
Coderre, D.
Arneodo, F.
Kish, A.
Piastra, F.
Podviianiuk, R.
Di Gangi, P.
Fei, J.
Kaminsky, B.
Eurin, G.
Diglio, S.
Aalbers, J.
Howlett, J.
Murra, M.
de Perio, P.
Reichard, S.
Berger, T.
Manfredini, A.
Naganoma, J.
Pienaar, J.
Brown, A.
Koltman, G.
Šarčević, N.
Landsman, H.
Capelli, C.
Althueser, L.
Masson, D.
Fieguth, A.
Masbou, J.
Rupp, N.
Cussonneau, J. P.
Ferella, A. D.
García, D. Ramírez
Messina, M.
Antochi, V. C.
Fulgione, W.
Amaro, F. D.
Lopes, J. A. M.
Qiu, H.
Lindner, M.
Alfonsi, M.
Hasterok, C.
Macolino, C.
Marignetti, F.
Rizzo, A.
Scheibelhut, M.
Anthony, M.
Fune, E. López
Greene, Z.
Galloway, M.
Lombardi, F.
Bauermeister, B.
Decowski, M. P.
Gao, F.
Mahlstedt, J.
Riedel, B.
Kopec, A.
Conrad, J.
Rosso, A. Gallo
dos Santos, J. M. F.
Cardoso, J. M. R.
Bruno, G.
Kazama, S.
Di Giovanni, A.
Grandi, L.
Lin, Q.
Levinson, L.
Miller, K.
B
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Snippet Two-neutrino double electron capture (2 ν ECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by...
Two-neutrino double electron capture (2νECEC) is a second-order weak-interaction process with a predicted half-life that surpasses the age of the Universe by...
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SubjectTerms 639/766/387/1126
639/766/419/1131
639/766/419/866
Background levels
Beta decay
Dark matter
Electron capture
Electrons
Energy
Experiments
Half-life
Humanities and Social Sciences
Isotopes
Laboratories
Letter
Life prediction
Measuring instruments
multidisciplinary
Neutrinos
Nuclear structure
Physics
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensors
Statistics
Uncertainty
Universe
X-rays
Xenon
Title Observation of two-neutrino double electron capture in 124Xe with XENON1T
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