An electron microscopic histochemical study of the blood-brain barrier in acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine
The rat brain in acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine hydrochloride was examined by a enzyme histochemical techniques. The Na-K-ATPase was assayed by a biochemical method. From an electron microscopic observation of hepatic encephalopathy, the brains showed an intracellular edema in the...
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| Published in | Journal of Nippon Medical School Vol. 54; no. 3; pp. 290 - 299 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
Japan
The Medical Association of Nippon Medical School
1987
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0048-0444 1884-0108 |
| DOI | 10.1272/jnms1923.54.290 |
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| Abstract | The rat brain in acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine hydrochloride was examined by a enzyme histochemical techniques. The Na-K-ATPase was assayed by a biochemical method. From an electron microscopic observation of hepatic encephalopathy, the brains showed an intracellular edema in the blood-brain barrier associated with a hydropic swelling of astrocytic foot process and increased pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium. The impairment of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase were histochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasmic membrane of capillary endothelium and astrocyte. The total ATPase and Na-K-ATPase ratio decreased in brain assay. A change in vascular permeability was revealed in the increasing number of HRP containing pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium. These results suggest that in hepatic encephalopathy various toxic substances accumulate in the brain tissue with the functional disturbance of a membrane enzyme as Na-K-ATPase, contributing to the enhancement of cytotoxic edema. |
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| AbstractList | The rat brain in acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine hydrochloride was examined by a enzyme histochemical techniques. The Na-K-ATPase was assayed by a biochemical method. From an electron microscopic observation of hepatic encephalopathy, the brains showed an intracellular edema in the blood-brain barrier associated with a hydropic swelling of astrocytic foot process and increased pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium. The impairment of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase were histochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasmic membrane of capillary endothelium and astrocyte. The total ATPase and Na-K-ATPase ratio decreased in brain assay. A change in vascular permeability was revealed in the increasing number of HRP containing pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium. These results suggest that in hepatic encephalopathy various toxic substances accumulate in the brain tissue with the functional disturbance of a membrane enzyme as Na-K-ATPase, contributing to the enhancement of cytotoxic edema. |
| Author | Fujita, Shinsuke |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3611303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | 23) Trauner, D.A.: Regional cerebral Na+,K+ ATPase activity following octanoate administration. Pediatr. Res., 14, 844-845, 1980. 9) Asano, G., Ashraf, M. and Schwartz, A.: Localization of Na-K-ATPase in Guinea-Pig myocardium. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 12, 257-266, 1980. 26) Seda, H.W.M., Gove, C.D., Hughes, R.D. and Williams, R.: Inhibition of partially purified rat brain dependent ATPase by bile acids, phenolic acids and endotoxin. Clin. Sci., 66, 415-420, 1984. 16) Masuzawa, T., Shimabukuro, H. and Sato, F.: Cytochemical study of alkaline phosphatase activity in microvessels of rat cerebral cortex. Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo), 23, 511-514, 1983. 17) Rowan, R.A. and Maxwell, D.S.: An ultrastructural study of vascular proliferation and vascular alkaline phosphatase activity in the developing cerebral cortex of the rat. Am. J. Anat., 160, 257-265, 1981. 5) Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J.: Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265-275, 1951. 13) Horowitz, M.E., Schafer, D.F., Molnar, P., Jones, E.A., Blasberg, R.G., Patlak, C.S., Waggoner, J. and Fenstermacher, J.D.: Increased blood-brain transfer in a rabbit model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 84, 1003-1011, 1983. 28) Klatzo, I.: Neuropathological aspects of brain edema. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 26, 1-14, 1967. 22) Dahl, D.R.: Short chain fatty acid inhibition of rat brain Na-K adenosine triphosphatase. J. Neurochem., 15, 815-821, 1968. 18) 増沢紀男,島袋洋,佐藤文明:脳室脈絡叢における酵素組織化学的研究,第4報Mg2+-ATPaseとNa+,K+,ATPase(p-nitrophenylphosphatase)の活性局在.Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo), 22, 332-335, 1982 8) Ogawa, K. and Mayahara, H.: Intramitochondrial localization of adenosine triphosphatase activity. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 17, 487-490, 1969. 12) Zaki, A.E.O., Wardle, E.N., Canalese, J., Ede, R.J. and Williams, R.: Potential toxins of acute liver failure and their effects on blood-brain barrier permeability. Expe-rientia, 39, 988-991, 1983. 7) Mayahara, H., Hirano, H., Saito, T. and Ogawa, K.: The new lead citrate method for the ultracytochemical demonstration of activity of nonspecific alkaline phos-phatase ; Orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase. Histochemie, 11, 88-96, 1967. 21) Kashiwamata, S., Goto, S., Semba, R.K. and Suzuki, F. N.: Inhibition by bilirubin of (Na++K+)- activated adenosine triphosphatase and K+-activated p-nitro-phenylphosphatase activities of NaI-treated microsomes from young rat cerebrum. J. Biol. Chem., 254, 4577-4584, 1979. 6) Schwartz, A., Allen, J.C. and Harigaya, S.: Possible involvement of cardiac Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 168, 31-41, 1969. 15) Ishiharajima, S., Fujita, S., Yamada, N. and Asano, G.: Fine structural study of Mg-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the blood-brain barrier of ischemic rats. Acta Histochem. Cytochem., 19, 347-354, 1986. 19) Philipson, K.D. and Nishimoto, A.Y.: ATP-dependent Na+ transport in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 733, 133-141, 1983. 1) Fraser, C.L. and Arieff, A.I.: Medical progress ; Hepatic encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med., 313, 865-873, 1985. 4) Lane, L.K., Potter, J.D. and Collins, J.H.: Large-scale purification of Na-K-ATPase and its protein subunits from lamb kidney medulla. Prep. Biochem., 9, 157-170,1979. 27) Seda, H.W.M., Hughes, R.D., Gove, C.D. and Williams, R.: Inhibition of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity by serum from patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology, 4, 74-79, 1984. 10) Graham, R.C. and Karnovsky, M.J.: The early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse kidney ; Ultrastructural cyto-chemistry by a new technique. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 14, 291-302, 1966. 20) Vorbrodt, A.W., Lossinsky, A.S. and Wisniewski, H.M.: Cytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, k+- dependent p-nitro-phenylphosphatase (transport ATPase) in the mouse central and peripheral nervous systems. Brain Res., 243, 225-234, 1982. 14) 石原島繁彦:虚血性脳浮腫における血液脳関門;とくに内皮細胞と星状膠細胞の細胞膜変化についての電顕組織化学的研究.神経病理学,6,341-354,1985. 24) Foster, D., Ahmed, K. and Zieve, L.: Action of methanethiol on Na+,K+-ATPase ; Implications for hepatic coma. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 242, 573-576, 1974. 3) Zieve, L.: The mechanism of hepatic coma. Hepatology, 1, 360-365, 1981. 11) Livingstone, A.S., Potvin, M., Goresky, C.A., Finlayson, M.H. and Hinchey, E.J.: Changes in the blood-brain barrier in hepatic coma after hepatectomy in the rat. Gastroenterology, 73, 697-704, 1977. 2) Crossley, LR., Wardle, E.N. and Williams, R.: Bio-chemical mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin. Sci., 64, 247-252, 1983. 25) Quarfoth, G., Ahmed, K., Foster, D. and Zieve, L.: Action of methanethiol on membrane (Na+,K+)-ATPase of rat brain. Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1039-1044, 1976. |
| References_xml | – reference: 3) Zieve, L.: The mechanism of hepatic coma. Hepatology, 1, 360-365, 1981. – reference: 4) Lane, L.K., Potter, J.D. and Collins, J.H.: Large-scale purification of Na-K-ATPase and its protein subunits from lamb kidney medulla. Prep. Biochem., 9, 157-170,1979. – reference: 8) Ogawa, K. and Mayahara, H.: Intramitochondrial localization of adenosine triphosphatase activity. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 17, 487-490, 1969. – reference: 5) Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J.: Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265-275, 1951. – reference: 12) Zaki, A.E.O., Wardle, E.N., Canalese, J., Ede, R.J. and Williams, R.: Potential toxins of acute liver failure and their effects on blood-brain barrier permeability. Expe-rientia, 39, 988-991, 1983. – reference: 1) Fraser, C.L. and Arieff, A.I.: Medical progress ; Hepatic encephalopathy. N. Engl. J. Med., 313, 865-873, 1985. – reference: 21) Kashiwamata, S., Goto, S., Semba, R.K. and Suzuki, F. N.: Inhibition by bilirubin of (Na++K+)- activated adenosine triphosphatase and K+-activated p-nitro-phenylphosphatase activities of NaI-treated microsomes from young rat cerebrum. J. Biol. Chem., 254, 4577-4584, 1979. – reference: 19) Philipson, K.D. and Nishimoto, A.Y.: ATP-dependent Na+ transport in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 733, 133-141, 1983. – reference: 7) Mayahara, H., Hirano, H., Saito, T. and Ogawa, K.: The new lead citrate method for the ultracytochemical demonstration of activity of nonspecific alkaline phos-phatase ; Orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase. Histochemie, 11, 88-96, 1967. – reference: 18) 増沢紀男,島袋洋,佐藤文明:脳室脈絡叢における酵素組織化学的研究,第4報Mg2+-ATPaseとNa+,K+,ATPase(p-nitrophenylphosphatase)の活性局在.Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo), 22, 332-335, 1982, – reference: 25) Quarfoth, G., Ahmed, K., Foster, D. and Zieve, L.: Action of methanethiol on membrane (Na+,K+)-ATPase of rat brain. Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1039-1044, 1976. – reference: 28) Klatzo, I.: Neuropathological aspects of brain edema. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 26, 1-14, 1967. – reference: 11) Livingstone, A.S., Potvin, M., Goresky, C.A., Finlayson, M.H. and Hinchey, E.J.: Changes in the blood-brain barrier in hepatic coma after hepatectomy in the rat. Gastroenterology, 73, 697-704, 1977. – reference: 14) 石原島繁彦:虚血性脳浮腫における血液脳関門;とくに内皮細胞と星状膠細胞の細胞膜変化についての電顕組織化学的研究.神経病理学,6,341-354,1985. – reference: 26) Seda, H.W.M., Gove, C.D., Hughes, R.D. and Williams, R.: Inhibition of partially purified rat brain dependent ATPase by bile acids, phenolic acids and endotoxin. Clin. Sci., 66, 415-420, 1984. – reference: 24) Foster, D., Ahmed, K. and Zieve, L.: Action of methanethiol on Na+,K+-ATPase ; Implications for hepatic coma. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 242, 573-576, 1974. – reference: 13) Horowitz, M.E., Schafer, D.F., Molnar, P., Jones, E.A., Blasberg, R.G., Patlak, C.S., Waggoner, J. and Fenstermacher, J.D.: Increased blood-brain transfer in a rabbit model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology, 84, 1003-1011, 1983. – reference: 27) Seda, H.W.M., Hughes, R.D., Gove, C.D. and Williams, R.: Inhibition of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity by serum from patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology, 4, 74-79, 1984. – reference: 10) Graham, R.C. and Karnovsky, M.J.: The early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse kidney ; Ultrastructural cyto-chemistry by a new technique. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 14, 291-302, 1966. – reference: 2) Crossley, LR., Wardle, E.N. and Williams, R.: Bio-chemical mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin. Sci., 64, 247-252, 1983. – reference: 22) Dahl, D.R.: Short chain fatty acid inhibition of rat brain Na-K adenosine triphosphatase. J. Neurochem., 15, 815-821, 1968. – reference: 6) Schwartz, A., Allen, J.C. and Harigaya, S.: Possible involvement of cardiac Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 168, 31-41, 1969. – reference: 16) Masuzawa, T., Shimabukuro, H. and Sato, F.: Cytochemical study of alkaline phosphatase activity in microvessels of rat cerebral cortex. Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo), 23, 511-514, 1983. 17) Rowan, R.A. and Maxwell, D.S.: An ultrastructural study of vascular proliferation and vascular alkaline phosphatase activity in the developing cerebral cortex of the rat. Am. J. Anat., 160, 257-265, 1981. – reference: 23) Trauner, D.A.: Regional cerebral Na+,K+ ATPase activity following octanoate administration. Pediatr. Res., 14, 844-845, 1980. – reference: 9) Asano, G., Ashraf, M. and Schwartz, A.: Localization of Na-K-ATPase in Guinea-Pig myocardium. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 12, 257-266, 1980. – reference: 15) Ishiharajima, S., Fujita, S., Yamada, N. and Asano, G.: Fine structural study of Mg-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the blood-brain barrier of ischemic rats. Acta Histochem. Cytochem., 19, 347-354, 1986. – reference: 20) Vorbrodt, A.W., Lossinsky, A.S. and Wisniewski, H.M.: Cytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, k+- dependent p-nitro-phenylphosphatase (transport ATPase) in the mouse central and peripheral nervous systems. Brain Res., 243, 225-234, 1982. |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Blood-Brain Barrier Cerebral Cortex - ultrastructure enzyme histochemistry Galactosamine hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic Encephalopathy - chemically induced Hepatic Encephalopathy - pathology Male Mg-ATPase Na-K-ATPase Rats Rats, Inbred Strains |
| Title | An electron microscopic histochemical study of the blood-brain barrier in acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine |
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