Alizarin as a New Activator of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway
Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural red dye extracted from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (family Rubiaceae). Alizarin has been used as a biological red stain for calcium. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has critical roles in multiple physiological pathways. This study aimed to...
Saved in:
Published in | Natural product communications Vol. 17; no. 11; p. 1934578 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.11.2022
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural red dye extracted from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (family Rubiaceae). Alizarin has been used as a biological red stain for calcium. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has critical roles in multiple physiological pathways. This study aimed to determine whether alizarin is an unreported ligand of AhR. In the present study, we investigated the effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA, protein expression, AhR nuclear translocation, aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) reporter activity, and AhR-specific antagonist following alizarin treatment of cells of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and murine hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1c1c7. Alizarin induced CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 and Hep-1c1c7 cells. Such induction was not present in C4 (B13NBii1) cells, which are AhR signal deficient, C12 (B15ECiii2) cells, which reduce AhR protein levels. The alizarin-induced responses were blocked by CH-223191, which is an AhR antagonist. Alizarin, the same as with the AhR ligand, induced the nuclear localization of AhR, as well as stimulated the transcriptional activity of AHRE. The results of this study suggest that alizarin is an AhR agonist. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural red dye extracted from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (family Rubiaceae). Alizarin has been used as a biological red stain for calcium. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has critical roles in multiple physiological pathways. This study aimed to determine whether alizarin is an unreported ligand of AhR. In the present study, we investigated the effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA, protein expression, AhR nuclear translocation, aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) reporter activity, and AhR-specific antagonist following alizarin treatment of cells of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and murine hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1c1c7. Alizarin induced CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 and Hep-1c1c7 cells. Such induction was not present in C4 (B13NBii1) cells, which are AhR signal deficient, C12 (B15ECiii2) cells, which reduce AhR protein levels. The alizarin-induced responses were blocked by CH-223191, which is an AhR antagonist. Alizarin, the same as with the AhR ligand, induced the nuclear localization of AhR, as well as stimulated the transcriptional activity of AHRE. The results of this study suggest that alizarin is an AhR agonist. |
Author | Lin, Chih-Yi Chen, Shan-Chun Kuan, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Chiang Wei Chou, Yu-Ting Su, Jyan-Gwo Joseph Lu, Yin-Che Gao, Guan-Lun |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yin-Che surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Yin-Che – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu-Hsiang orcidid: 0000-0002-8991-6394 surname: Kuan fullname: Kuan, Yu-Hsiang – sequence: 3 givenname: Chih-Yi surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Chih-Yi – sequence: 4 givenname: Yu-Ting surname: Chou fullname: Chou, Yu-Ting – sequence: 5 givenname: Shan-Chun surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Shan-Chun – sequence: 6 givenname: Guan-Lun surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Guan-Lun – sequence: 7 givenname: Chiang Wei surname: Hsu fullname: Hsu, Chiang Wei – sequence: 8 givenname: Jyan-Gwo Joseph surname: Su fullname: Su, Jyan-Gwo Joseph |
BookMark | eNp9kM1Kw0AUhQepYK19AHfzAqnzfzPLUNQKpYp24S5MJpM2JWbKTLTEpzeh7gTv5l4457sczjWatL51CN1SsqAU4I5qLiSk74xRypVS-gJNqZQy0QLkZLgHPRkNV2ge44EMk6aCCD1Fm6ypv02oW2wiNnjjTjizXf1lOh-wr3C3dzgLfYNXfRm8NaHwLX511h1Hw1u9a01Ttzv8Yrr9yfQ36LIyTXTz3z1D24f77XKVrJ8fn5bZOrEMdJcoMNxIUmheSGZ1yTQDq5STgkAlGIOCgKAlK0pRgU6to1ASJYbclFcAfIbo-a0NPsbgqvwY6g8T-pySfKwk_1PJwCzOTDQ7lx_8Zxiix3-AHxh6YbQ |
Cites_doi | 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120245 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-0974 10.7150/ijbs.70567 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00177 10.1038/nrc3846 10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.038 10.1093/toxsci/kft128 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.064 10.2133/dmpk.21.437 10.1128/MCB.18.1.525 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003522 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0014 10.1007/s13402-014-0206-4 10.4155/fmc-2018-0515 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.03.006 10.1093/carcin/18.6.1177 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00447 10.1155/2018/8371604 10.1073/pnas.0503488102 10.1002/tox.21852 10.1002/ptr.1702 10.1007/s10528-018-9875-4 10.1155/2015/316351 10.1093/toxsci/kfq217 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.037 10.1007/s13744-016-0386-x |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | The Author(s) 2022 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2022 |
DBID | AFRWT AAYXX CITATION |
DOI | 10.1177/1934578X221136669 |
DatabaseName | Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024 CrossRef |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: AFRWT name: Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024 url: http://journals.sagepub.com/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Chemistry |
EISSN | 1555-9475 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1177_1934578X221136669 10.1177_1934578X221136669 |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Research Program grantid: R101-029 |
GroupedDBID | --- 0R~ 123 31X 53G 54M AADUE AAFWJ AARIX AATBZ ABDNZ ABKRH ABQXT ABRHV ACLDX ACOFE ACROE ACSIQ ACUIR ADOGD AENEX AEWDL AEWHI AEXNY AFCOW AFKRG AFPKN AFRWT AFUIA AGNHF AIOMO AJUZI ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BDDNI CFDXU DOPDO DV7 EBS EJD F5P GROUPED_DOAJ GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION HZ~ J8X JCYGO O9- OK1 ROL SAFTQ SFC SFK SFT SGV SJN SPP ZPPRI ZRKOI AAYXX CITATION H13 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c279t-67a3a50b93b52c9d2927c66e5407f4227b0741d2bd4f798ce17d06400013f773 |
IEDL.DBID | AFRWT |
ISSN | 1934-578X |
IngestDate | Fri Aug 23 01:40:44 EDT 2024 Tue Jul 16 20:20:11 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 11 |
Keywords | AHRE transcriptional activity CYP1A1 AhR AhR nuclear localization alizarin |
Language | English |
License | This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c279t-67a3a50b93b52c9d2927c66e5407f4227b0741d2bd4f798ce17d06400013f773 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-8991-6394 |
OpenAccessLink | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1934578X221136669?utm_source=summon&utm_medium=discovery-provider |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1177_1934578X221136669 sage_journals_10_1177_1934578X221136669 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 20221100 2022-11-00 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-11-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2022 text: 20221100 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Los Angeles, CA |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Los Angeles, CA |
PublicationTitle | Natural product communications |
PublicationYear | 2022 |
Publisher | SAGE Publications |
Publisher_xml | – name: SAGE Publications |
References | Kawajiri, Fujii-Kuriyama 2007; 464 Stockinger, Di Meglio, Gialitakis, Duarte 2014; 32 Murray, Patterson, Perdew 2014; 14 Lin, Yang, Tsai, Fang, Ma 2017; 140 Hoyte 1960; 94 Medjakovic, Zoechling, Gerster 2014; 29 MacDonald, Ciolino, Yeh 2004; 64 Yamaguchi, Hankinson 2018; 53 Moon, Kim, Ko 2018; 90 Xu, Hou, Zou 2022; 18 Tripathi, Sharma, Manickam 1997; 34 Manoharan, Lee, Kim, Lee 2017; 7 Wang, Zhang, Qi, Su, He, Peng 2021; 12 Nakata, Tanaka, Nakano 2006; 21 Safe, Lee, Jin 2013; 135 Shoemaker, Hamilton, Dairkee, Cohen, Campbell 2005; 19 Wang, Li, Li 2019; 849 Tannheimer, Barton, Ethier, Burchiel 1997; 18 Zhao, Xiao, Peng, Qian, Huang 2018; 22 Natarajan, Mishra, Vadivel 2019; 57 Oesch-Bartlomowicz, Huelster, Wiss 2005; 102 Wu, Ge, Li 2015; 2015 Gandhi, Reegan, Ganesan 2016; 45 Hernández-Ochoa, Karman, Flaws 2009; 77 Jiang, Tian, Zhang 2018; 22 Ghiacci, Lumetti, Manfredi, Mori, Macaluso, Sala 2018; 27 Zhao, Degroot, Hayashi, He, Denison 2010; 117 Li, Wang, Jiang, Chang, Dai, Zheng 2014; 37 Wei, Wu, Li 2018; 2018 Xu, Xing, Xu 2019; 11 Chang, Puga 1998; 18 Qiao, Wang, Wu 1990; 25 bibr20-1934578X221136669 Qiao YF (bibr1-1934578X221136669) 1990; 25 bibr23-1934578X221136669 bibr10-1934578X221136669 bibr13-1934578X221136669 bibr30-1934578X221136669 bibr26-1934578X221136669 bibr6-1934578X221136669 bibr19-1934578X221136669 bibr16-1934578X221136669 Yamaguchi M (bibr29-1934578X221136669) 2018; 53 bibr17-1934578X221136669 bibr14-1934578X221136669 Zhao P (bibr5-1934578X221136669) 2018; 22 bibr27-1934578X221136669 bibr7-1934578X221136669 bibr21-1934578X221136669 Hoyte DA (bibr3-1934578X221136669) 1960; 94 bibr9-1934578X221136669 bibr24-1934578X221136669 Tripathi YB (bibr31-1934578X221136669) 1997; 34 bibr11-1934578X221136669 bibr12-1934578X221136669 Jiang LB (bibr4-1934578X221136669) 2018; 22 bibr18-1934578X221136669 bibr2-1934578X221136669 bibr15-1934578X221136669 bibr22-1934578X221136669 bibr28-1934578X221136669 bibr32-1934578X221136669 bibr8-1934578X221136669 bibr25-1934578X221136669 |
References_xml | – volume: 14 start-page: 801 issue: 12 year: 2014 end-page: 814 article-title: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer: friend and foe publication-title: Nat Rev Cancer contributor: fullname: Perdew – volume: 464 start-page: 207 issue: 2 year: 2007 end-page: 212 article-title: Cytochrome P450 gene regulation and physiological functions mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor publication-title: Arch Biochem Biophys contributor: fullname: Fujii-Kuriyama – volume: 53 start-page: 1657 issue: 4 year: 2018 end-page: 1666 article-title: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Suppresses the growth of human liver cancer HepG2 cells in vitro: involvement of cell signaling factors publication-title: Int J Oncol contributor: fullname: Hankinson – volume: 32 start-page: 403 year: 2014 end-page: 432 article-title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: multitasking in the immune system publication-title: Annu Rev Immunol contributor: fullname: Duarte – volume: 37 start-page: 429 issue: 6 year: 2014 end-page: 437 article-title: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) inhibits human ovarian cancer cell proliferation publication-title: Cell Oncol (Dordr) contributor: fullname: Zheng – volume: 34 start-page: 302 issue: 3 year: 1997 end-page: 306 article-title: Rubiadin, a new antioxidant from publication-title: Indian J Biochem Biophys contributor: fullname: Manickam – volume: 117 start-page: 393 issue: 2 year: 2010 end-page: 403 article-title: CH223191 Is a ligand-selective antagonist of the Ah (Dioxin) receptor publication-title: Toxicol Sci contributor: fullname: Denison – volume: 64 start-page: 429 issue: 1 year: 2004 end-page: 434 article-title: The drug salicylamide is an antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that inhibits signal transduction induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin publication-title: Cancer Res contributor: fullname: Yeh – volume: 135 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2013 end-page: 16 article-title: Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in carcinogenesis and potential as a drug target publication-title: Toxicol Sci contributor: fullname: Jin – volume: 140 start-page: 297 issue: 2 year: 2017 end-page: 305 article-title: Auricular tissue engineering using osteogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells with small intestine submucosa publication-title: Plast Reconstr Surg contributor: fullname: Ma – volume: 7 start-page: 447 year: 2017 article-title: Alizarin and chrysazin inhibit biofilm and hyphal formation by publication-title: Front Cell Infect Microbiol contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 77 start-page: 547 issue: 4 year: 2009 end-page: 559 article-title: The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the female reproductive system publication-title: Biochem Pharmacol contributor: fullname: Flaws – volume: 849 start-page: 11 year: 2019 end-page: 21 article-title: IRS-1 targets TAZ to inhibit adipogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K-Akt and MEK-ERK pathways publication-title: Eur J Pharmacol contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 12 start-page: 2182 issue: 12 year: 2021 end-page: 2193 article-title: Alizarin and purpurin from L. suppress insulin fibrillation and reduce the amyloid-induced cytotoxicity publication-title: ACS Chem Neurosci contributor: fullname: Peng – volume: 19 start-page: 649 issue: 7 year: 2005 end-page: 651 article-title: In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs publication-title: Phytother Res contributor: fullname: Campbell – volume: 25 start-page: 834 issue: 11 year: 1990 end-page: 839 article-title: Studies on antibacterial constituents from the roots of L publication-title: Yao Xue Xue Bao contributor: fullname: Wu – volume: 94 start-page: 432 issue: Pt 3 year: 1960 end-page: 442 article-title: Alizarin as an indicator of bone growth publication-title: J Anat contributor: fullname: Hoyte – volume: 27 start-page: e20180014 year: 2018 article-title: Stanozolol promotes osteogenic gene expression and apposition of bone mineral in vitro publication-title: J Appl Oral Sci contributor: fullname: Sala – volume: 21 start-page: 437 issue: 6 year: 2006 end-page: 457 article-title: Nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation in phase I, II, and III xenobiotic metabolizing systems publication-title: Drug Metab Pharmacokinet contributor: fullname: Nakano – volume: 57 start-page: 56 issue: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 72 article-title: ISSR Characterization and quantification of purpurin and alizarin in L. populations from India publication-title: Biochem Genet contributor: fullname: Vadivel – volume: 90 start-page: 100 year: 2018 end-page: 107 article-title: The role of Hedgehog signaling in cementoblast differentiation publication-title: Arch Oral Biol contributor: fullname: Ko – volume: 11 start-page: 395 issue: 5 year: 2019 end-page: 406 article-title: Alizarin increase glucose uptake through PI3K/Akt signaling and improve alloxan-induced diabetic mice publication-title: Future Med Chem contributor: fullname: Xu – volume: 22 start-page: 6221 issue: 19 year: 2018 end-page: 6229 article-title: Bone marrow stem cells-derived exosomes extracted from osteoporosis patients inhibit osteogenesis via microRNA-21/SMAD7 publication-title: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci contributor: fullname: Zhang – volume: 29 start-page: 1201 issue: 10 year: 2014 end-page: 1216 article-title: Effect of nonpersistent pesticides on estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor publication-title: Environ Toxicol contributor: fullname: Gerster – volume: 2018 start-page: 8371604 year: 2018 article-title: Bone morphogenetic proteins 2/4 are upregulated during the early development of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease publication-title: Biomed Res Int contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 2015 start-page: 316351 year: 2015 article-title: Mesenchymal stem cells immunosuppressed IL-22 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia via soluble cellular factors publication-title: J Immunol Res contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 102 start-page: 9218 issue: 26 year: 2005 end-page: 9223 article-title: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by cAMP vs. dioxin: divergent signaling pathways publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A contributor: fullname: Wiss – volume: 18 start-page: 1177 issue: 6 year: 1997 end-page: 1182 article-title: Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increase intracellular Ca2 + and cell proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells publication-title: Carcinogenesis contributor: fullname: Burchiel – volume: 22 start-page: 3962 issue: 12 year: 2018 end-page: 3970 article-title: Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve osteoporosis through promoting osteoblast proliferation via MAPK pathway publication-title: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci contributor: fullname: Huang – volume: 45 start-page: 441 issue: 4 year: 2016 end-page: 448 article-title: Larvicidal and pupicidal activities of alizarin isolated from roots of against say and (L.) (Diptera: culicidae) publication-title: Neotrop Entomol contributor: fullname: Ganesan – volume: 18 start-page: 2759 issue: 7 year: 2022 end-page: 2774 article-title: Alizarin, a nature compound, inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by abrogating NF-κB activation publication-title: Int J Biol Sci contributor: fullname: Zou – volume: 18 start-page: 525 issue: 1 year: 1998 end-page: 535 article-title: Constitutive activation of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor publication-title: Mol Cell Biol contributor: fullname: Puga – ident: bibr19-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120245 – ident: bibr25-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-0974 – ident: bibr14-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.7150/ijbs.70567 – ident: bibr15-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00177 – ident: bibr16-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1038/nrc3846 – ident: bibr18-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.038 – volume: 22 start-page: 3962 issue: 12 year: 2018 ident: bibr5-1934578X221136669 publication-title: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci contributor: fullname: Zhao P – ident: bibr26-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft128 – ident: bibr32-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.064 – ident: bibr17-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.2133/dmpk.21.437 – volume: 25 start-page: 834 issue: 11 year: 1990 ident: bibr1-1934578X221136669 publication-title: Yao Xue Xue Bao contributor: fullname: Qiao YF – ident: bibr22-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1128/MCB.18.1.525 – ident: bibr9-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003522 – ident: bibr10-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0014 – ident: bibr28-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1007/s13402-014-0206-4 – ident: bibr13-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0515 – ident: bibr7-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.03.006 – ident: bibr27-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1093/carcin/18.6.1177 – volume: 94 start-page: 432 issue: 3 year: 1960 ident: bibr3-1934578X221136669 publication-title: J Anat contributor: fullname: Hoyte DA – ident: bibr11-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00447 – ident: bibr6-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1155/2018/8371604 – ident: bibr23-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0503488102 – ident: bibr21-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1002/tox.21852 – ident: bibr30-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1002/ptr.1702 – ident: bibr2-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1007/s10528-018-9875-4 – ident: bibr8-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1155/2015/316351 – volume: 53 start-page: 1657 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: bibr29-1934578X221136669 publication-title: Int J Oncol contributor: fullname: Yamaguchi M – volume: 34 start-page: 302 issue: 3 year: 1997 ident: bibr31-1934578X221136669 publication-title: Indian J Biochem Biophys contributor: fullname: Tripathi YB – volume: 22 start-page: 6221 issue: 19 year: 2018 ident: bibr4-1934578X221136669 publication-title: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci contributor: fullname: Jiang LB – ident: bibr24-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq217 – ident: bibr20-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.037 – ident: bibr12-1934578X221136669 doi: 10.1007/s13744-016-0386-x |
SSID | ssj0000884049 |
Score | 2.32993 |
Snippet | Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural red dye extracted from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (family Rubiaceae). Alizarin has been used as a... |
SourceID | crossref sage |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 1934578 |
Title | Alizarin as a New Activator of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway |
URI | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1934578X221136669 |
Volume | 17 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3dS8MwEA9ze9AX8RPnx8iDIAh1a5om65OU4RiCQ3Ti3kaSJmPg2tF1SP97c_0QRQVfw4Url1zu1_tE6JL1PMl7xnWkS4RDqbYqZaziacL7WvqGuhKKkx_GbPRC76f-tIGSuhamkuD6BtKq7BcVjzVoN3iju1WQsWtRB7VXbUoIjCRhLLjdZMtZ6e6up2rACsSnN0sIbStIiMydurxtC7UIdMVtolY4fHqdfLplrNLREjQDDweYVLHQX_l-s2ZfUsEK6zTcQ7sVrMRheQ_2UUPHB2h7UE9zO0TjEPK30kWMxRoLbN82HKpitFmS4sRgiwPt7vwNj_LI2jSRyiTGFlPqFRA8L-YA2OM5frSI8V3kR2gyvJsMRk41S8FRhAeZw7jwhN-TgSd9ooKIBIQrxjT03zOUEC4BW0RERtTwoK-0yyMI8gFENJx7x6gZJ7E-QZhTGhEiXC2Zpka7knucR1b1mVIqkKqNrmuRzFZlx4yZWzUV_yG_NroCoc3qY_-b8vTflGdoh0CNQlEweI6aWbrRFxY5ZLJTnXan-PP-AB2DvAE |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,21994,27884,27955,27956,44978,45366 |
linkProvider | SAGE Publications |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3dS8MwEA-6PcwX8RPnZx4EQaisaZosj2U4qm5DtOLeRpImYyDt6Cay_95c1w1FBd_ycFfKXS73I7nfHUKXrBUo3rK-p3wiPUqNCynrAs8Q3jYqtNRXQE7uD1j8Qu-H4bCqqgQuTGXB2Q2UVbk_Kg_rdXQDT1wE1O2yISEwjYQxsYnqNHSrGqpH3afXZH3D4uKHLvEv6HigVD1r_vqdb4npS1VXmWi6O2i7Qog4Wrp0F22YbA81OqvBbPtoEEEpVjHJsJxhid0xhSNdTinLC5xb7CCd01684XiRuvQkC5Vn2MFDMwWB58kYsHc2xo8O_H3IxQFKurdJJ_aqsQieJlzMPcZlIMOWEoEKiRYpEYRrxgy00rOUEK4AJqREpdRy0dbG5ym81wHas5wHh6iW5Zk5QphTmhIifaOYodb4igecpy6KmdZaKN1E1yuTjKbL5hcjv-oP_sN-TXQFRhutPPi35PG_JS9QI076vVHvbvBwgrYIUA9KHuApqs2Ld3PmAMFcnVee_wQZQKh0 |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1ZS8NAEF60BfVFPLGe-yAIQrTZbHabx1AN9SpFK_YtZK9SkKSkFem_dyfdiqKC7zNhmcm387FzIXTKmoHgTeN7wieZR6m2kDIWeJrwlhahob6A5uSHLus809tBOHAPbtAL4yw4uYCyKnui6rIGdI-VuXQ5xktLOqj90waEwEYSxqJlVKewKq2G6nHy-NL_fGWxGKJzDgw6Hii51Oav3_kWnL5UdlXBJtlA644l4nju1k20pPMttNpeLGfbRt0YyrHKUY6zCc6wvapwLKtNZUWJC4MtrbPas1fcmSkborJSFDm2FFGPQeBpNAT-nQ9xzxLA92y2g_rJdb_d8dxqBE8SHk09xrMgC5siCkRIZKRIRLhkTMM4PUMJ4QKogiJCUcOjltQ-V5CzA8ZnOA92US0vcr2HMKdUEZL5WjBNjfYFDzhXFslMShkJ2UDnC5Ok4_kAjNR3M8J_2K-BzsBo6cKLf0vu_1vyBK30rpL0_qZ7d4DWCHQfVK2Ah6g2Ld_0keUEU3HsHP8B7mGpjQ |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alizarin+as+a+New+Activator+of+the+Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptor+Signaling+Pathway&rft.jtitle=Natural+product+communications&rft.au=Lu%2C+Yin-Che&rft.au=Kuan%2C+Yu-Hsiang&rft.au=Lin%2C+Chih-Yi&rft.au=Chou%2C+Yu-Ting&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.issn=1934-578X&rft.eissn=1555-9475&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1934578&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F1934578X221136669&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1177_1934578X221136669 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1934-578X&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1934-578X&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1934-578X&client=summon |