Fatty taste variability in obese subjects: the oral microbiota hypothesis

Origin of the great inter-individual variability of the fatty taste perception found in obese subjects is challenging. The fact that recent studies suggest interrelations between taste perception and oral microbiota composition, prompt us to explore the putative impact of such a connection in the co...

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Published inOléagineux corps gras lipides Vol. 27; p. 38
Main Authors Besnard, Philippe, Christensen, Jeffrey E., Bernard, Arnaud, Collet, Xavier, Verges, Bruno, Burcelin, Rémy
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
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Abstract Origin of the great inter-individual variability of the fatty taste perception found in obese subjects is challenging. The fact that recent studies suggest interrelations between taste perception and oral microbiota composition, prompt us to explore the putative impact of such a connection in the context of obesity. To check this hypothesis, the oro-sensory perception thresholds of linoleic acid and the composition of oral microbiota surrounding the gustatory circumvallate papillae (CVPs) were analyzed in obese adult men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , n  = 42). A specific microbial signature (higher diversity, pro-inflammatory bacterial profile, lower methanogenesis activity) discriminated subjects with a degraded fatty taste sensitivity (perception threshold ≥ 0.05% LA = Low-LA tasters, n  = 22) from high-LA tasters ( n  = 20). Collectively, these data substantiate the association between the microbial microenvironment surrounding CVPs and the fatty taste sensitivity and provide a plausible explanation about the variability of the fatty taste sensitivity in obesity. L’origine de la grande variabilité inter-individuelle de la perception gustative des lipides alimentaires chez les sujets obèses est énigmatique. Le fait que des études récentes suggèrent que la composition du microbiote oral pourrait jouer un rôle dans la sensibilité gustative, nous a incité à explorer cette piste dans le cadre d’une obésité. Pour tester cette hypothèse, les seuils de perception oro-sensorielle d’un lipide modèle (acide linoléique – LA) ainsi que la composition du microbiote oral présent au niveau des papilles gustatives caliciformes (CVPs) ont été analysés chez des hommes adultes obèses (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , n  = 42). Cette approche nous a permis de montrer que les sujets hyposensibles dont la perception lipidique est dégradée (Low-Lipid tasters ou LLT, seuil ≥ 0,05 % LA, n  = 22) se distinguent des sujets hypersensibles (High-lipid tasters HLT, n  = 20) par une signature microbienne spécifique caractérisée par une plus grande diversité, un profil pro-inflammatoire et une activité méthanogénique réduite. Ces résultats inédits confirment l’existence d’un lien fonctionnel entre le micro-environnement microbien des CVPs et la perception gustative et fournissent une explication plausible à la variabilité inter-individuelle de la perception orosensorielle des lipides alimentaires observée chez les sujets obèses.
AbstractList Origin of the great inter-individual variability of the fatty taste perception found in obese subjects is challenging. The fact that recent studies suggest interrelations between taste perception and oral microbiota composition, prompt us to explore the putative impact of such a connection in the context of obesity. To check this hypothesis, the oro-sensory perception thresholds of linoleic acid and the composition of oral microbiota surrounding the gustatory circumvallate papillae (CVPs) were analyzed in obese adult men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , n  = 42). A specific microbial signature (higher diversity, pro-inflammatory bacterial profile, lower methanogenesis activity) discriminated subjects with a degraded fatty taste sensitivity (perception threshold ≥ 0.05% LA = Low-LA tasters, n  = 22) from high-LA tasters ( n  = 20). Collectively, these data substantiate the association between the microbial microenvironment surrounding CVPs and the fatty taste sensitivity and provide a plausible explanation about the variability of the fatty taste sensitivity in obesity. L’origine de la grande variabilité inter-individuelle de la perception gustative des lipides alimentaires chez les sujets obèses est énigmatique. Le fait que des études récentes suggèrent que la composition du microbiote oral pourrait jouer un rôle dans la sensibilité gustative, nous a incité à explorer cette piste dans le cadre d’une obésité. Pour tester cette hypothèse, les seuils de perception oro-sensorielle d’un lipide modèle (acide linoléique – LA) ainsi que la composition du microbiote oral présent au niveau des papilles gustatives caliciformes (CVPs) ont été analysés chez des hommes adultes obèses (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , n  = 42). Cette approche nous a permis de montrer que les sujets hyposensibles dont la perception lipidique est dégradée (Low-Lipid tasters ou LLT, seuil ≥ 0,05 % LA, n  = 22) se distinguent des sujets hypersensibles (High-lipid tasters HLT, n  = 20) par une signature microbienne spécifique caractérisée par une plus grande diversité, un profil pro-inflammatoire et une activité méthanogénique réduite. Ces résultats inédits confirment l’existence d’un lien fonctionnel entre le micro-environnement microbien des CVPs et la perception gustative et fournissent une explication plausible à la variabilité inter-individuelle de la perception orosensorielle des lipides alimentaires observée chez les sujets obèses.
Origin of the great inter-individual variability of the fatty taste perception found in obese subjects is challenging. The fact that recent studies suggest interrelations between taste perception and oral microbiota composition, prompt us to explore the putative impact of such a connection in the context of obesity. To check this hypothesis, the oro-sensory perception thresholds of linoleic acid and the composition of oral microbiota surrounding the gustatory circumvallate papillae (CVPs) were analyzed in obese adult men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 42). A specific microbial signature (higher diversity, pro-inflammatory bacterial profile, lower methanogenesis activity) discriminated subjects with a degraded fatty taste sensitivity (perception threshold ≥ 0.05% LA = Low-LA tasters, n = 22) from high-LA tasters (n = 20). Collectively, these data substantiate the association between the microbial microenvironment surrounding CVPs and the fatty taste sensitivity and provide a plausible explanation about the variability of the fatty taste sensitivity in obesity.
Author Collet, Xavier
Burcelin, Rémy
Verges, Bruno
Bernard, Arnaud
Christensen, Jeffrey E.
Besnard, Philippe
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StartPage 38
SubjectTerms circumvallate papillae
Composition
Hypotheses
Inflammation
Linoleic acid
Lipids
Methanogenesis
Microbiota
Microenvironments
Microorganisms
Obesity
oral microbiota
Papillae
Perception
Sensitivity
Sensory perception
Taste
Taste perception
taste sensitivity
Taste thresholds
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Title Fatty taste variability in obese subjects: the oral microbiota hypothesis
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