Effects of rainfall runoff on photothermal environment in a large and deep drinking water reservoir

The Lake Qiandaohu basin, China. The photothermal environment is crucial for water ecological processes in deep reservoirs, ‌as it is affected by hydrometeorological catchment processes. However, our knowledge remains limited regarding the response of the photothermal environment to different rainfa...

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Published inJournal of hydrology. Regional studies Vol. 61; p. 102629
Main Authors Li, Cunli, Zhu, Guangwei, You, Aiju, Zhu, Mengyuan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.10.2025
Elsevier
Subjects
Inflow
Photothermal environment
Rainfall runoff
Reservoir
Reservoir
Rainfall runoff
Inflow
Photothermal environment
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2214-5818
2214-5818
DOI10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102629

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Abstract The Lake Qiandaohu basin, China. The photothermal environment is crucial for water ecological processes in deep reservoirs, ‌as it is affected by hydrometeorological catchment processes. However, our knowledge remains limited regarding the response of the photothermal environment to different rainfall runoff intensities and changing hydrological processes due to the randomness of hydrometeorological processes. To address this, we collected photothermal environment data from three representative zones of Lake Qiandaohu between 2018 and 2019, analyzing the mechanisms by which rainfall runoff modulates this environment. The impact of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment was influenced by the rainfall intensity and topographic location. Water column mixing occurred in the riverine zone when reservoir inflow exceeded 500 m3/s. As rainfall runoff intensity increased, the intrusion of interflow after extreme rainfall events increased the mid-layer water temperature in the transitional zone, forming a double thermocline structure. Moderate, strong, and extreme rainfall runoff substantially reduced the euphotic depth in the riverine zone by increasing the concentrations of optically active substance. The total suspended solids and chlorophyll-a were the primary factors influencing euphotic depth reductions in riverine and transitional zones, respectively (R²=0.64 and 0.45). Rainfall runoff primarily influenced the underwater photothermal environment through pulsed disturbances of the vertical temperature distribution and elevating the concentrations of optically active substances. The effects of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment should be quantified to ensure the safety of drinking water in reservoirs. [Display omitted] •Making up for the spatio-temporal limitations of traditional monitoring of capturing unpredictable hydrological events.•Quantifying the impact of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environmental of Lake Qiandaohu.•Revealing the impact mechanism of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment.
AbstractList The Lake Qiandaohu basin, China. The photothermal environment is crucial for water ecological processes in deep reservoirs, ‌as it is affected by hydrometeorological catchment processes. However, our knowledge remains limited regarding the response of the photothermal environment to different rainfall runoff intensities and changing hydrological processes due to the randomness of hydrometeorological processes. To address this, we collected photothermal environment data from three representative zones of Lake Qiandaohu between 2018 and 2019, analyzing the mechanisms by which rainfall runoff modulates this environment. The impact of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment was influenced by the rainfall intensity and topographic location. Water column mixing occurred in the riverine zone when reservoir inflow exceeded 500 m3/s. As rainfall runoff intensity increased, the intrusion of interflow after extreme rainfall events increased the mid-layer water temperature in the transitional zone, forming a double thermocline structure. Moderate, strong, and extreme rainfall runoff substantially reduced the euphotic depth in the riverine zone by increasing the concentrations of optically active substance. The total suspended solids and chlorophyll-a were the primary factors influencing euphotic depth reductions in riverine and transitional zones, respectively (R²=0.64 and 0.45). Rainfall runoff primarily influenced the underwater photothermal environment through pulsed disturbances of the vertical temperature distribution and elevating the concentrations of optically active substances. The effects of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment should be quantified to ensure the safety of drinking water in reservoirs. [Display omitted] •Making up for the spatio-temporal limitations of traditional monitoring of capturing unpredictable hydrological events.•Quantifying the impact of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environmental of Lake Qiandaohu.•Revealing the impact mechanism of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment.
Study region: The Lake Qiandaohu basin, China. Study focus: The photothermal environment is crucial for water ecological processes in deep reservoirs, ‌as it is affected by hydrometeorological catchment processes. However, our knowledge remains limited regarding the response of the photothermal environment to different rainfall runoff intensities and changing hydrological processes due to the randomness of hydrometeorological processes. To address this, we collected photothermal environment data from three representative zones of Lake Qiandaohu between 2018 and 2019, analyzing the mechanisms by which rainfall runoff modulates this environment. New hydrological insights for the region: The impact of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment was influenced by the rainfall intensity and topographic location. Water column mixing occurred in the riverine zone when reservoir inflow exceeded 500 m3/s. As rainfall runoff intensity increased, the intrusion of interflow after extreme rainfall events increased the mid-layer water temperature in the transitional zone, forming a double thermocline structure. Moderate, strong, and extreme rainfall runoff substantially reduced the euphotic depth in the riverine zone by increasing the concentrations of optically active substance. The total suspended solids and chlorophyll-a were the primary factors influencing euphotic depth reductions in riverine and transitional zones, respectively (R²=0.64 and 0.45). Rainfall runoff primarily influenced the underwater photothermal environment through pulsed disturbances of the vertical temperature distribution and elevating the concentrations of optically active substances. The effects of rainfall runoff on the photothermal environment should be quantified to ensure the safety of drinking water in reservoirs.
ArticleNumber 102629
Author Li, Cunli
Zhu, Mengyuan
You, Aiju
Zhu, Guangwei
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Cunli
  orcidid: 0009-0004-6674-1482
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Cunli
  organization: Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Guangwei
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Guangwei
  email: gwzhu@niglas.ac.cn
  organization: Key Laboratory of Lake and Basin Water Safety, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Aiju
  surname: You
  fullname: You, Aiju
  email: youaj@zjwater.gov.cn
  organization: Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Mengyuan
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Mengyuan
  organization: Key Laboratory of Lake and Basin Water Safety, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Keywords Reservoir
Rainfall runoff
Inflow
Photothermal environment
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Snippet The Lake Qiandaohu basin, China. The photothermal environment is crucial for water ecological processes in deep reservoirs, ‌as it is affected by...
Study region: The Lake Qiandaohu basin, China. Study focus: The photothermal environment is crucial for water ecological processes in deep reservoirs, ‌as it...
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SubjectTerms Inflow
Photothermal environment
Rainfall runoff
Reservoir
Title Effects of rainfall runoff on photothermal environment in a large and deep drinking water reservoir
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102629
https://doaj.org/article/7e8e5d87189a408382d579b6e8157235
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