Antidiabetic effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) is mediated via inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and glucose transporters and PPARγ expression
We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihype...
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Published in | BioFactors (Oxford) Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 90 - 99 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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02.01.2017
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Abstract | We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihyperglycemic effects still remain to be determined. Using intestinal Caco‐2 cells and 3T3‐L1 cells, here we show that GO2KA1 has dual modes of antidiabetic action by (1) inhibiting intestinal α‐glucosidase as well as glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 that were distinct from the acarbose effect; (2) enhancing adipocyte differentiation, PPARγ expression and its target genes, such as FABP4, adiponectin, and GLUT4, whereas the effects were abolished by co‐treatment with BADGE, a PPARγ antagonist. Moreover, GO2KA1 significantly increased glucose uptake, which was reduced in the presence of BADGE. Our data show that GO2KA1 may prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal glucose digestion and transport and also enhance glucose uptake, at least in part, by upregulating adiponectin expression through PPARγ in adipocytes. These findings may provide potential molecular modes of action for the antidiabetic effects of chitosan oligosaccharide observed in clinical and animal studies. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):90–99, 2017 |
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AbstractList | Abstract
We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihyperglycemic effects still remain to be determined. Using intestinal Caco‐2 cells and 3T3‐L1 cells, here we show that GO2KA1 has dual modes of antidiabetic action by (1) inhibiting intestinal α‐glucosidase as well as glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 that were distinct from the acarbose effect; (2) enhancing adipocyte differentiation, PPARγ expression and its target genes, such as FABP4, adiponectin, and GLUT4, whereas the effects were abolished by co‐treatment with BADGE, a PPARγ antagonist. Moreover, GO2KA1 significantly increased glucose uptake, which was reduced in the presence of BADGE. Our data show that GO2KA1 may prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal glucose digestion and transport and also enhance glucose uptake, at least in part, by upregulating adiponectin expression through PPARγ in adipocytes. These findings may provide potential molecular modes of action for the antidiabetic effects of chitosan oligosaccharide observed in clinical and animal studies. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):90–99, 2017 We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihyperglycemic effects still remain to be determined. Using intestinal Caco‐2 cells and 3T3‐L1 cells, here we show that GO2KA1 has dual modes of antidiabetic action by (1) inhibiting intestinal α‐glucosidase as well as glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 that were distinct from the acarbose effect; (2) enhancing adipocyte differentiation, PPARγ expression and its target genes, such as FABP4, adiponectin, and GLUT4, whereas the effects were abolished by co‐treatment with BADGE, a PPARγ antagonist. Moreover, GO2KA1 significantly increased glucose uptake, which was reduced in the presence of BADGE. Our data show that GO2KA1 may prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal glucose digestion and transport and also enhance glucose uptake, at least in part, by upregulating adiponectin expression through PPARγ in adipocytes. These findings may provide potential molecular modes of action for the antidiabetic effects of chitosan oligosaccharide observed in clinical and animal studies. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):90–99, 2017 We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihyperglycemic effects still remain to be determined. Using intestinal Caco-2 cells and 3T3-L1 cells, here we show that GO2KA1 has dual modes of antidiabetic action by (1) inhibiting intestinal alpha -glucosidase as well as glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 that were distinct from the acarbose effect; (2) enhancing adipocyte differentiation, PPAR gamma expression and its target genes, such as FABP4, adiponectin, and GLUT4, whereas the effects were abolished by co-treatment with BADGE, a PPAR gamma antagonist. Moreover, GO2KA1 significantly increased glucose uptake, which was reduced in the presence of BADGE. Our data show that GO2KA1 may prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal glucose digestion and transport and also enhance glucose uptake, at least in part, by upregulating adiponectin expression through PPAR gamma in adipocytes. These findings may provide potential molecular modes of action for the antidiabetic effects of chitosan oligosaccharide observed in clinical and animal studies. copyright 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):90-99, 2017 We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose rise with increased plasma adiponectin and HbA1c levels in animals and humans. However, the cellular mechanisms whereby GO2KA1 exerts antihyperglycemic effects still remain to be determined. Using intestinal Caco-2 cells and 3T3-L1 cells, here we show that GO2KA1 has dual modes of antidiabetic action by (1) inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase as well as glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 that were distinct from the acarbose effect; (2) enhancing adipocyte differentiation, PPARγ expression and its target genes, such as FABP4, adiponectin, and GLUT4, whereas the effects were abolished by co-treatment with BADGE, a PPARγ antagonist. Moreover, GO2KA1 significantly increased glucose uptake, which was reduced in the presence of BADGE. Our data show that GO2KA1 may prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting intestinal glucose digestion and transport and also enhance glucose uptake, at least in part, by upregulating adiponectin expression through PPARγ in adipocytes. These findings may provide potential molecular modes of action for the antidiabetic effects of chitosan oligosaccharide observed in clinical and animal studies. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):90-99, 2017. |
Author | Yu, Seok‐Yeong Kim, Young‐Cheul Lee, Chan Kwon, Young‐In Apostolidis, Emmanouil |
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Keywords | α-glucosidase GLUT4 diabetes PPARγ Caco-2 cell adipocyte |
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Snippet | We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood glucose... Abstract We have previously reported that administration of low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly suppressed postprandial blood... |
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SubjectTerms | 3T3-L1 Cells adipocyte Adiponectin - metabolism alpha-Glucosidases - metabolism Animals Caco-2 Cells Caco‐2 cell Cell Differentiation - drug effects Chitosan - analogs & derivatives Chitosan - pharmacology diabetes Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins - metabolism Gene Expression - drug effects Glucose - metabolism Glucose Transporter Type 4 - antagonists & inhibitors Glucose Transporter Type 4 - metabolism GLUT4 Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors - pharmacology Humans Mice PPAR gamma - antagonists & inhibitors PPAR gamma - genetics PPAR gamma - metabolism PPARγ α‐glucosidase |
Title | Antidiabetic effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) is mediated via inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and glucose transporters and PPARγ expression |
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