Gut membrane proteins as candidate antigens for immunization of mice against the tick Amblyomma sculptum

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 42; no. 21; p. 126141
• Main Authors: Costa, Gabriel C.A., Ribeiro, Izabela C.T., Giunchetti, Rodolfo C., Gontijo, Nelder F., Sant'Anna, Mauricio R.V., Pereira, Marcos H., Pessoa, Grasielle C.D., Koerich, Leonardo B., Oliveira, Fabiano, Valenzuela, Jesus G., Fujiwara, Ricardo T., Bartholomeu, Daniella C., Araujo, Ricardo N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 30.08.2024; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Amblyomma - immunology; Amblyomma sculptum; Amino acids; Animals; Anti-tick vaccine; Antigens; Antigens - immunology; Brazil; Cloning; Concealed antigens; Digestive system; Digestive tract; E coli; Effectiveness; Epithelium; Epitopes; Female; Females; Gut epithelium; Hematophagy; Immune response (humoral); Immunization; Immunization - methods; Immunogenicity; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Immunoglobulin G - immunology; Intestine; Male; Membrane proteins; Membrane Proteins - genetics; Membrane Proteins - immunology; Membranes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peptides; Plasmids; Proteins; Recombinant Proteins - genetics; Recombinant Proteins - immunology; Rickettsia rickettsii - immunology; Tick control; Tick Infestations - immunology; Tick Infestations - prevention & control; Vaccines; Brazil; Concealed antigens; Anti-tick vaccine; Intestine; Gut epithelium; Hematophagy; Tick control
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.042
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518

•Amblyomma sculptum is one the most important tick species in south America.•Few works have focused on the search for anti-A. sculptum vaccines.•Concealed gut proteins may be promissing vaccine antigens against A. sculptum.•A chimeric protein was constructed with promising efficacy against A. sculptum.•Vaccine induced a reduction in female fertility and nymph mortality. Amblyomma sculptum is widely distributed in Brazil and is the main vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of the Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). Tick gut proteins play an essential role in blood feeding, digestion, and protection of gut epithelium. Therefore, many of these were investigated as potential vaccine targets for tick-control strategies. The present study aimed to select transcripts corresponding to putative immunogenic proteins in the A. sculptum gut epithelial membrane, produce recombinant proteins and evaluate them as antigens against A. sculptum infestations. Three gut proteins − AsMucin, AsAPP, and AsLAMP − and a chimeric protein (rAsChimera) based on 22 peptides containing putative B cell epitopes from seven different gut proteins were evaluated as anti-A. sculptum antigens. Mice immunizations revealed that all recombinant targets elicited humoral response with significantly increased IgG levels compared to controls. For rAsChimera, IgG levels remained significantly higher than controls up to 75 days after the end of the immunization. Challenge trials revealed that vaccination with the chimeric protein was the most effective against A. sculptum, inducing 100 % nymph mortality and reaching 80.8 % efficacy against females. The other three proteins did not induce relevant protection, as AsAPP had only 26.6 % efficacy, whereas AsMucin and AsLAMP induced no protection. These data indicate that targeting gut protein immunogenic regions may be an effective strategy for a vaccine formulation againstA. sculptum.