A study of magnetic storms development in two or more steps and its association with the polarity of magnetic clouds
The study of the response of the magnetosphere, measured by the Dst index, to different interplanetary magnetic field configurations observed in magnetic clouds has led us to conclude that about 20% of intense magnetic storms have the growth of their main phases in three or more steps. We also have...
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| Published in | Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics Vol. 63; no. 5; pp. 457 - 461 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2001
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| Abstract | The study of the response of the magnetosphere, measured by the Dst index, to different interplanetary magnetic field configurations observed in magnetic clouds has led us to conclude that about 20% of intense magnetic storms have the growth of their main phases in three or more steps. We also have found that the magnetic clouds with south-to-north magnetic field rotation tend to lead to moderate or intense magnetic storms with a two-step main phase development due to the closer southward magnetic fields in the sheath and in the cloud. On the other hand, magnetic clouds with a north-to-south magnetic field rotation mostly seem to lead to magnetic storms with one-step main phase development, due to the larger separation between the southward magnetic fields in the sheath and in the cloud. Furthermore, the magnetic clouds with a substantial tilt to the ecliptic plane appear to lead to intense magnetic storms when they have a prolonged southward axial field. |
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| AbstractList | The study of the response of the magnetosphere, measured by the Dst index, to different interplanetary magnetic field configurations observed in magnetic clouds has led us to conclude that about 20% of intense magnetic storms have the growth of their main phases in three or more steps. We also have found that the magnetic clouds with south-to-north magnetic field rotation tend to lead to moderate or intense magnetic storms with a two-step main phase development due to the closer southward magnetic fields in the sheath and in the cloud. On the other hand, magnetic clouds with a north-to-south magnetic field rotation mostly seem to lead to magnetic storms with one-step main phase development, due to the larger separation between the southward magnetic fields in the sheath and in the cloud. Furthermore, the magnetic clouds with a substantial tilt to the ecliptic plane appear to lead to intense magnetic storms when they have a prolonged southward axial field. Our study of the response of the magnetosphere, measured by the D(st) index, to different interplanetary magnetic field configurations observed in magnetic clouds has led us to conclude that about 20 percent of intense magnetic storms have the growth of their main phases in three or more steps. We also have found that the magnetic clouds with south-to-north magnetic field rotation tend to lead to moderate or intense magnetic storms with a two-step main phase development due to the closer southward magnetic fields in the sheath and in the cloud. On the other hand, magnetic clouds with a north-to-south magnetic field rotation mostly seem to lead to magnetic storms with one-step main phase development, due to the larger separation between the southward magnetic fields in the sheath and in the cloud. Furthermore, the magnetic clouds with a substantial tilt to the ecliptic plane appear to lead to intense magnetic storms when they have a prolonged southward axial field. (Author) |
| Author | Clua de Gonzalez, A.L. Vieira, L.E.A. Dal Lago, A. Gonzalez, W.D. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1029/JA080i031p04204 10.1029/98JA01426 10.1029/98GL51180 10.1029/JA086iA08p06673 10.1016/0032-0633(87)90159-0 10.1029/GM098p0107 10.1029/93JA02867 10.1029/JA087iA02p00613 10.1029/GM098p0091 10.1029/JA093iA08p08519 10.1029/GM099p0139 10.1029/GM098p0077 10.1029/97JA03337 10.1029/JA093iA04p02511 |
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| References | Zhang, Burlaga (BIB15) 1988; 93 Kamide, Baumjohann, Daglis, Gonzalez, Grande, Joselyn, McPerron, Phillips, Reeves, Rostoker, Sharma, Singer, Tsurutani, Vasyliunas (BIB10) 1998; 103 Burton, McPherron, Russell (BIB2) 1975; 80 Daglis, I.A., 1997. The role of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in magnetic storm dynamics. In: Tsurutani, B.T. et al. (Eds.), Magnetic Storms, Geophysical Monograph Series, Vol. 98. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 107–116. Klein, Burlaga (BIB11) 1982; 87 Fenrich, Luhmann (BIB7) 1998; 25 Wilson (BIB14) 1987; 35 Gonzalez, Joselyn, Kamide, Kroehl, Rostoker, Tsurutani, Vasyliunas (BIB8) 1994; 99 Farrugia, C.J., Burlaga, L.F., Lepping, R.P., 1997. Magnetic clouds and the quiet-storm effect at Earth. In: Tsurutani, B.T. et al. (Eds.), Magnetic Storms, Geophysical Monograph Series, Vol. 98. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 91–106. Tsurutani, Gonzalez, Tang, Akasofu, Smith (BIB12) 1988; 93 Burlaga (BIB4) 1995 Tsurutani, B.T., Gonzalez, W.D., 1997. The interplanetary causes of magnetic storms: a review. In: Tsurutani, B.T. et al. (Eds.), Magnetic Storms, Geophysical Monograph Series, Vol. 98. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 77–90. Bothmer, V., Rust, D.M., 1997. The field configuration of magnetic clouds and the solar cycle. In: Crooker, N., Joselyn, J.A., Feynman, J. (Eds.), Coronal Mass Ejections. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 139–146. Burlaga, Sittler, Mariani, Schwenn (BIB3) 1981; 86 Kamide, Yokoyama, Gonzalez, Tsurutani, Daglis, Brakke, Masuda (BIB9) 1998; 103 Klein (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB11) 1982; 87 Kamide (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB10) 1998; 103 Fenrich (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB7) 1998; 25 Burlaga (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB3) 1981; 86 Zhang (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB15) 1988; 93 Burton (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB2) 1975; 80 Gonzalez (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB8) 1994; 99 Burlaga (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB4) 1995 Wilson (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB14) 1987; 35 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB6 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB5 Tsurutani (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB12) 1988; 93 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB1 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB13 Kamide (10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB9) 1998; 103 |
| References_xml | – volume: 35 start-page: 329 year: 1987 ident: BIB14 article-title: Geomagnetic response to magnetic clouds publication-title: Planetary and Space Science contributor: fullname: Wilson – volume: 25 start-page: 2999 year: 1998 end-page: 3002 ident: BIB7 article-title: Geomagnetic response to magnetic clouds of different polarity publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Luhmann – volume: 99 start-page: 5771 year: 1994 end-page: 5792 ident: BIB8 article-title: What is a magnetic storm? publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Vasyliunas – volume: 80 start-page: 4204 year: 1975 end-page: 4214 ident: BIB2 article-title: An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst. publication-title: Journal of Geophysics Research contributor: fullname: Russell – year: 1995 ident: BIB4 publication-title: Interplanetary Magnetohydrodynamics contributor: fullname: Burlaga – volume: 93 start-page: 8519 year: 1988 end-page: 8531 ident: BIB12 article-title: Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic field responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978–1979) publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Smith – volume: 87 start-page: 613 year: 1982 ident: BIB11 article-title: Interplanetary magnetic clouds at 1 AU publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Burlaga – volume: 86 start-page: 6673 year: 1981 ident: BIB3 article-title: Magnetic loop behind an interplanetary shock: voyager, Helios and IMP8 observations publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Schwenn – volume: 103 start-page: 6917 year: 1998 end-page: 6921 ident: BIB9 article-title: Two-step development of geomagnetic storms publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Masuda – volume: 103 start-page: 17,705 year: 1998 end-page: 17,728 ident: BIB10 publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Vasyliunas – volume: 93 start-page: 2511 year: 1988 end-page: 2518 ident: BIB15 article-title: Magnetic clouds, geomagnetic disturbances, and cosmic ray decreases publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research contributor: fullname: Burlaga – volume: 80 start-page: 4204 year: 1975 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB2 article-title: An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst. publication-title: Journal of Geophysics Research doi: 10.1029/JA080i031p04204 contributor: fullname: Burton – volume: 103 start-page: 17,705 issue: A8 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB10 publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/98JA01426 contributor: fullname: Kamide – volume: 25 start-page: 2999 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB7 article-title: Geomagnetic response to magnetic clouds of different polarity publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/98GL51180 contributor: fullname: Fenrich – volume: 86 start-page: 6673 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB3 article-title: Magnetic loop behind an interplanetary shock: voyager, Helios and IMP8 observations publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/JA086iA08p06673 contributor: fullname: Burlaga – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB4 contributor: fullname: Burlaga – volume: 35 start-page: 329 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB14 article-title: Geomagnetic response to magnetic clouds publication-title: Planetary and Space Science doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(87)90159-0 contributor: fullname: Wilson – ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB5 doi: 10.1029/GM098p0107 – volume: 99 start-page: 5771 issue: A4 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB8 article-title: What is a magnetic storm? publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/93JA02867 contributor: fullname: Gonzalez – volume: 87 start-page: 613 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB11 article-title: Interplanetary magnetic clouds at 1 AU publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/JA087iA02p00613 contributor: fullname: Klein – ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB6 doi: 10.1029/GM098p0091 – volume: 93 start-page: 8519 issue: A8 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB12 article-title: Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic field responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978–1979) publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/JA093iA08p08519 contributor: fullname: Tsurutani – ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB1 doi: 10.1029/GM099p0139 – ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB13 doi: 10.1029/GM098p0077 – volume: 103 start-page: 6917 issue: A4 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB9 article-title: Two-step development of geomagnetic storms publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/97JA03337 contributor: fullname: Kamide – volume: 93 start-page: 2511 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00165-6_BIB15 article-title: Magnetic clouds, geomagnetic disturbances, and cosmic ray decreases publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research doi: 10.1029/JA093iA04p02511 contributor: fullname: Zhang |
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| Title | A study of magnetic storms development in two or more steps and its association with the polarity of magnetic clouds |
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