Atmospheric Emissions from Electricity Generation in Southeast Asia: Development Trend and Policy Responses
Purpose of Review Rapid economic development accompanied by urbanization, motorization, and industrialization, together with population growth, puts great pressure on the power sector in Southeast Asia (SEA) to meet energy demand. This paper reviews the past 20-year power generation in SEA countries...
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| Published in | Current pollution reports Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 54 - 69 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
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Springer International Publishing
01.03.2024
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Abstract | Purpose of Review
Rapid economic development accompanied by urbanization, motorization, and industrialization, together with population growth, puts great pressure on the power sector in Southeast Asia (SEA) to meet energy demand. This paper reviews the past 20-year power generation in SEA countries to analyze potential impacts on atmospheric pollution using DPSIR framework.
Recent Findings
In 2020, total region electricity generation reached 1050 TWh, 3.1 times above that of 2000, and is projected to further increase by 2.5 times in 2050. During the period, the annual per capita generation increased 2.4 times. Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam were the main electricity producers, sharing 83% in 2020. Coal and natural gas based thermal power plants (TPPs) were dominant with 72% of the total electricity produced, whereas low-carbon renewable energy, although increased during the period, shared only 25% in 2020. In 2018, the sectoral atmospheric emissions of different species increased by 2.4–11.5 times above 2000, contributing 55.3%, 26.8%, and 26.7% to the region’s total anthropogenic emissions of SO
2
, CO
2
, and NO
x
, respectively.
Summary
Heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes the power sector a key emission source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. SEA governments have promulgated policies and regulations for TPPs and set net zero emissions targets. These policies, directly and/or indirectly address atmospheric pollution, once fully implemented, bring in more secure and sustainable power sources in the region, along with multiple benefits to air quality, human health, environment, ecosystem, and the climate. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Purpose of Review
Rapid economic development accompanied by urbanization, motorization, and industrialization, together with population growth, puts great pressure on the power sector in Southeast Asia (SEA) to meet energy demand. This paper reviews the past 20-year power generation in SEA countries to analyze potential impacts on atmospheric pollution using DPSIR framework.
Recent Findings
In 2020, total region electricity generation reached 1050 TWh, 3.1 times above that of 2000, and is projected to further increase by 2.5 times in 2050. During the period, the annual per capita generation increased 2.4 times. Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam were the main electricity producers, sharing 83% in 2020. Coal and natural gas based thermal power plants (TPPs) were dominant with 72% of the total electricity produced, whereas low-carbon renewable energy, although increased during the period, shared only 25% in 2020. In 2018, the sectoral atmospheric emissions of different species increased by 2.4–11.5 times above 2000, contributing 55.3%, 26.8%, and 26.7% to the region’s total anthropogenic emissions of SO
2
, CO
2
, and NO
x
, respectively.
Summary
Heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes the power sector a key emission source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. SEA governments have promulgated policies and regulations for TPPs and set net zero emissions targets. These policies, directly and/or indirectly address atmospheric pollution, once fully implemented, bring in more secure and sustainable power sources in the region, along with multiple benefits to air quality, human health, environment, ecosystem, and the climate. Purpose of ReviewRapid economic development accompanied by urbanization, motorization, and industrialization, together with population growth, puts great pressure on the power sector in Southeast Asia (SEA) to meet energy demand. This paper reviews the past 20-year power generation in SEA countries to analyze potential impacts on atmospheric pollution using DPSIR framework.Recent FindingsIn 2020, total region electricity generation reached 1050 TWh, 3.1 times above that of 2000, and is projected to further increase by 2.5 times in 2050. During the period, the annual per capita generation increased 2.4 times. Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam were the main electricity producers, sharing 83% in 2020. Coal and natural gas based thermal power plants (TPPs) were dominant with 72% of the total electricity produced, whereas low-carbon renewable energy, although increased during the period, shared only 25% in 2020. In 2018, the sectoral atmospheric emissions of different species increased by 2.4–11.5 times above 2000, contributing 55.3%, 26.8%, and 26.7% to the region’s total anthropogenic emissions of SO2, CO2, and NOx, respectively.SummaryHeavy reliance on fossil fuels makes the power sector a key emission source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. SEA governments have promulgated policies and regulations for TPPs and set net zero emissions targets. These policies, directly and/or indirectly address atmospheric pollution, once fully implemented, bring in more secure and sustainable power sources in the region, along with multiple benefits to air quality, human health, environment, ecosystem, and the climate. |
| Author | Huy, Lai Nguyen Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nguyen Thi Kim surname: Oanh fullname: Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim email: kimoanh@ait.ac.th organization: Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Lai Nguyen surname: Huy fullname: Huy, Lai Nguyen organization: Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology |
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Rapid economic development accompanied by urbanization, motorization, and industrialization, together with population growth, puts great... Purpose of ReviewRapid economic development accompanied by urbanization, motorization, and industrialization, together with population growth, puts great... |
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| SubjectTerms | Air pollution Air quality Anthropogenic factors Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Carbon dioxide Clean technology Earth and Environmental Science Economic development Economic growth Electric industries Electric power generation Electricity Electricity generation Emissions Energy consumption Energy demand Energy policy Environment Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice Fossil fuels GDP Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Gross Domestic Product Human influences Industrial development Industrial plant emissions Industrial Pollution Prevention Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Natural gas Net zero Outdoor air quality Pollutants Pollution Population growth Power plants Power sources Renewable energy Renewable resources Sulfur dioxide Sustainable energy Thermal power Thermal power plants Topical Collection on Air Pollution Urban areas Urbanization Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| Title | Atmospheric Emissions from Electricity Generation in Southeast Asia: Development Trend and Policy Responses |
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