Foraminiferal evidence for the provenance and flow history of turbidity currents triggered by the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand
The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake triggered simultaneous turbidity currents down ten submarine canyons along a 200 km stretch of the continental slope, east of New Zealand. Some discharged into the Hikurangi Channel which flows >1500 km northwards along the abyssal trench floor. To better under...
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Published in | New Zealand journal of geology and geophysics Vol. 67; no. 3; pp. 336 - 349 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Abingdon
Taylor & Francis
02.07.2024
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
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Abstract | The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake triggered simultaneous turbidity currents down ten submarine canyons along a 200 km stretch of the continental slope, east of New Zealand. Some discharged into the Hikurangi Channel which flows >1500 km northwards along the abyssal trench floor. To better understand provenance continuity in deep-sea sedimentary records, foraminiferal samples from the 2016 turbidites from 17 canyon and channel cores were used to investigate the source histories of these submarine gravity flows. Cluster analyses suggest the canyon provenances for most 2016 turbidite faunas should be determinable using a combination of the relative abundance of key benthic genera, planktic foraminiferal index (dissolution), absolute test abundance and planktic % of the foraminiferal faunas. Two ordinations (PCA, PCO) based on these parameters were used to infer provenance and flow history. One hundred kilometres down the Hikurangi Channel, faunas in the 2016 turbidite confirm a Kaikōura Canyon source. Further downstream, 200-500 km north of the confluence with Campbell, Cook and Opouawe canyons, faunas indicate that the 2016 turbidite in the northern Hikurangi Channel is a composite deposit, from an initial Opouawe-Cook canyon-sourced turbidity current over-ridden and partly mixed with, a Kaikōura Canyon-sourced flow that arrived sometime later. |
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AbstractList | The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake triggered simultaneous turbidity currents down ten submarine canyons along a 200 km stretch of the continental slope, east of New Zealand. Some discharged into the Hikurangi Channel which flows >1500 km northwards along the abyssal trench floor. To better understand provenance continuity in deep-sea sedimentary records, foraminiferal samples from the 2016 turbidites from 17 canyon and channel cores were used to investigate the source histories of these submarine gravity flows. Cluster analyses suggest the canyon provenances for most 2016 turbidite faunas should be determinable using a combination of the relative abundance of key benthic genera, planktic foraminiferal index (dissolution), absolute test abundance and planktic % of the foraminiferal faunas. Two ordinations (PCA, PCO) based on these parameters were used to infer provenance and flow history. One hundred kilometres down the Hikurangi Channel, faunas in the 2016 turbidite confirm a Kaikōura Canyon source. Further downstream, 200-500 km north of the confluence with Campbell, Cook and Opouawe canyons, faunas indicate that the 2016 turbidite in the northern Hikurangi Channel is a composite deposit, from an initial Opouawe-Cook canyon-sourced turbidity current over-ridden and partly mixed with, a Kaikōura Canyon-sourced flow that arrived sometime later. |
Author | Hayward, Bruce W. Sabaa, Ashwaq T. Howarth, Jamie D. Strachan, Lorna J. Orpin, Alan R. |
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References | e_1_3_4_4_1 e_1_3_4_3_1 e_1_3_4_2_1 e_1_3_4_9_1 e_1_3_4_20_1 e_1_3_4_5_1 e_1_3_4_23_1 e_1_3_4_24_1 e_1_3_4_21_1 e_1_3_4_22_1 e_1_3_4_25_1 e_1_3_4_26_1 Hayward BW (e_1_3_4_7_1) 1999; 21 Lewis KB. (e_1_3_4_15_1) 1994; 14 e_1_3_4_12_1 e_1_3_4_13_1 e_1_3_4_10_1 Hammer OT (e_1_3_4_6_1) 2001; 4 e_1_3_4_16_1 Hayward BW (e_1_3_4_8_1) 2010; 26 e_1_3_4_17_1 e_1_3_4_14_1 e_1_3_4_18_1 Hayward BW (e_1_3_4_11_1) e_1_3_4_19_1 |
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Snippet | The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake triggered simultaneous turbidity currents down ten submarine canyons along a 200 km stretch of the continental slope, east... |
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SubjectTerms | Abundance Abyssal zone Benthos Campbell Canyon Canyons Confluence Continental slope Cook Canyon Cores Deep sea Deep water Earthquakes Foraminifera Foraminiferal faunas Hikurangi Channel Kaikōura Canyon Kaikōura Earthquake Oceanic trenches Opouawe Canyon provenance Relative abundance Sea currents Sediment samples Seismic activity Submarine canyons Turbidites Turbidity Turbidity currents |
Title | Foraminiferal evidence for the provenance and flow history of turbidity currents triggered by the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand |
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