Validation of a Geriatric Trauma Prognosis Calculator: A P.A.L.Li.A.T.E. Consortium Study

• Published in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) Vol. 65; no. 10; pp. 2302 - 2307
• Main Authors: Cook, Allyson C., Joseph, Bellal, Mohler, M. Jane, Inaba, Kenji, Bruns, Brandon R., Nakonezny, Paul A., Kerby, Jeff D., Brasel, Karen J., Wolf, Steven E., Cuschieri, Joseph, Paulk, M. Elizabeth, Rhodes, Ramona L., Brakenridge, Scott C., Ekeh, A. Peter, Phelan, Herb A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2017
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Area Under Curve; Consortia; Demography; elderly; Female; geriatric; Geriatric Assessment - methods; Geriatrics; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Logistic Models; Male; Medical prognosis; Mortality; Nursing; outcomes; Patient Discharge - statistics & numerical data; Predictive Value of Tests; Probability; Prognosis; prognosis calculator; Rehabilitation; Retrospective Studies; scoring system; Trauma; Trauma Centers; Wounds and Injuries - diagnosis; trauma; geriatric; outcomes; prognosis calculator; elderly; scoring system
• ISSN: 0002-8614; 1532-5415
• DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15009

Background/Objectives The P.A.L.Li.A.T.E. (prognostic assessment of life and limitations after trauma in the elderly) consortium has previously created a prognosis calculator for mortality after geriatric injury based on age, injury severity, and transfusion requirement called the geriatric trauma outcome score (GTOS). Here, we sought to create and validate a prognosis calculator called the geriatric trauma outcome score ii (GTOS II) estimating probability of unfavorable discharge. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Four geographically diverse Level 1 trauma centers. Participants Trauma admissions aged 65 to 102 years surviving to discharge from 2000 to 2013. Intervention None. Measurements Age, injury severity score (ISS), transfusion at 24 hours post‐admission, discharge dichotomized as favorable (home/rehabilitation) or unfavorable (skilled nursing/long term acute care/hospice). Training and testing samples were created using the holdout method. A multiple logistic mixed model (GTOS II) was created to estimate the odds of unfavorable disposition then re‐specified using the GTOS II as the sole predictor in a logistic mixed model using the testing sample. Results The final dataset was 16,114 subjects (unfavorable discharge status = 15.4%). Training (n = 8,057) and testing (n = 8,057) samples had similar demographics. The formula based on the training sample was (GTOS II = Age + [0.71 × ISS] + 8.79 [if transfused by 24 hours]). Misclassification rate and AUC were 15.63% and 0.67 for the training sample, respectively, and 15.85% and 0.67 for the testing sample. Conclusion GTOS II estimates the probability of unfavorable discharge in injured elders with moderate accuracy. With the GTOS mortality calculator, it can help in goal setting conversations after geriatric injury.