Subcritical Water Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers to Nanocellulose for Producing Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Cellulose Biocomposite
Abstract Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The yield and crystallinity index (CI) of nanocellulose is optimized via varying temperatures and hydrolysis time while maintaining the pressure a...
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| Published in | Starch Vol. 75; no. 9-10 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The yield and crystallinity index (CI) of nanocellulose is optimized via varying temperatures and hydrolysis time while maintaining the pressure at 10 MPa. Under the subcritical condition, water dissociates into H
3
O
+
and OH
−
, allowing protonation of the β‐glycosidic bond to hydrolyze cellulose strands into short chain fibers. Hydrolysis rates enhance with increasing temperatures, further disintegrating cellulose into smaller nanofibrils. At 180 °C, amorphous cellulose dissolution occurs, increasing the crystallinity without disintegrating the crystalline fibrous network. The concentration of H
3
O
+
increases at 230 °C, further hydrolyzes cotton wool into uniform nanofibril cellulose with 14.3 ± 1.2 nm diameter. The tensile strength and elongation at break enhance using cellulose nanofibers obtained at 220 and 230 °C due to the small nanocellulose sizes that allow efficient dispersion in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The yield and crystallinity index (CI) of nanocellulose is optimized via varying temperatures and hydrolysis time while maintaining the pressure at 10 MPa. Under the subcritical condition, water dissociates into H
3
O
+
and OH
−
, allowing protonation of the β‐glycosidic bond to hydrolyze cellulose strands into short chain fibers. Hydrolysis rates enhance with increasing temperatures, further disintegrating cellulose into smaller nanofibrils. At 180 °C, amorphous cellulose dissolution occurs, increasing the crystallinity without disintegrating the crystalline fibrous network. The concentration of H
3
O
+
increases at 230 °C, further hydrolyzes cotton wool into uniform nanofibril cellulose with 14.3 ± 1.2 nm diameter. The tensile strength and elongation at break enhance using cellulose nanofibers obtained at 220 and 230 °C due to the small nanocellulose sizes that allow efficient dispersion in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The yield and crystallinity index (CI) of nanocellulose is optimized via varying temperatures and hydrolysis time while maintaining the pressure at 10 MPa. Under the subcritical condition, water dissociates into H3O+ and OH−, allowing protonation of the β‐glycosidic bond to hydrolyze cellulose strands into short chain fibers. Hydrolysis rates enhance with increasing temperatures, further disintegrating cellulose into smaller nanofibrils. At 180 °C, amorphous cellulose dissolution occurs, increasing the crystallinity without disintegrating the crystalline fibrous network. The concentration of H3O+ increases at 230 °C, further hydrolyzes cotton wool into uniform nanofibril cellulose with 14.3 ± 1.2 nm diameter. The tensile strength and elongation at break enhance using cellulose nanofibers obtained at 220 and 230 °C due to the small nanocellulose sizes that allow efficient dispersion in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. |
| Author | Abdullah, Rosnah Prasetyoko, Didik Rafeny, Nur Husnina Bazilah Bahruji, Hasliza Mahadi, Abdul Hanif |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nur Husnina Bazilah surname: Rafeny fullname: Rafeny, Nur Husnina Bazilah organization: Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei – sequence: 2 givenname: Hasliza surname: Bahruji fullname: Bahruji, Hasliza organization: Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei – sequence: 3 givenname: Rosnah surname: Abdullah fullname: Abdullah, Rosnah organization: Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei – sequence: 4 givenname: Abdul Hanif surname: Mahadi fullname: Mahadi, Abdul Hanif organization: Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei – sequence: 5 givenname: Didik surname: Prasetyoko fullname: Prasetyoko, Didik organization: Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Data Analytical Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Keputih Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia |
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| Snippet | Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The... Cellulose nanofibers (CNs) are isolated from cotton wool using subcritical water in a semiflow hydrothermal reactor to achieve green hydrolysis. The yield and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Cellulose Cellulose fibers Composite materials Cotton Cotton fibers Crystallinity Disintegration Elongation Fibers Hydrolysis Nanofibers Polyvinyl alcohol Protonation Tensile strength Wool |
| Title | Subcritical Water Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers to Nanocellulose for Producing Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Cellulose Biocomposite |
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