Influence of large wood dynamics on flow and channel morphology in a forest stream

• Published in: Geomorphology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Vol. 459; p. 109268
• Main Authors: Campagnolo, Karla, Kobiyama, Masato, Fagundes, Marina Refatti, De Menezes, Danrlei, Iroumé, Andrés, Michel, Gean Paulo, Rodrigues, Miriam Fernanda
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15.08.2024
• Subjects: Araucaria Forest; Brazil; Fluvial Ecology; Low-order stream; Riparian Zone; Brazil; Low-order stream; Riparian Zone; Fluvial Ecology; Araucaria Forest
• ISSN: 0169-555X; 1872-695X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109268

The riparian zone is a dynamic ecosystem formed by the interaction of aquatic and terrestrial components of rivers and serves as a source of the large wood (LW). We aimed to understand the LW dynamics and the LW influence on river morphology, sediment distribution, and flow velocity within three reaches of a low-order stream. The study was performed in a segment (770 m in length) of the Perdizes stream, located in Aparados da Serra National Park, southern Brazil. We framed the study by focusing three issues: i) the processes explaining the LW dynamics in the Araucaria Forest biome; ii) the effects of LW on the flow velocity along the study reaches, and iii) the presence of LW affecting the sediment longitudinal connectivity. The methodology consisted of: (i) collection of hydrological data (rainfall, discharge, and streamflow velocity), (ii) Perdizes stream characterization by topo-bathymetric survey and river-flow simulation with HEC-RAS 5.0.7 1D. and (iii) detailed field surveys of LW and bed sediments. The LW descriptions were performed at four moments (July 10, 2019; November 19, 2019; July 24, 2020; and December 18, 2020). Abundant LW, mainly from araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze), was observed before meanders. A notable reduction in LW volume and an increased proportion of araucaria, compared to deciduous trees, were observed within the channel. Mass balance analysis indicated fluctuations in riparian vegetation biomass, emphasizing the connectivity between vegetation and the river. Streamflow velocity decreased in LW presence, from occurrence to the margin. Bed sediment diameters were consistently smaller in cross-sections with LW presence. The accumulation of smaller sediments with LW indicated partial downstream sediment disconnectivity. HEC-RAS simulations confirmed increased LW deposition in lower velocity zones. This understanding of fluvial dynamics contributes to effective natural environment management, especially in the Araucaria Forest context.