Sustainable LiFePO4 and LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x=0.1–1) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A systematic review from mine to chassis

We conducted a comprehensive literature review of LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x=0.1–1) (LMFP)-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), focusing mostly on electric vehicles (EVs) as a primary application of LIBs. Although numerous individual research studies exist, a unified and coordinated review co...

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Published inMaterials science & engineering. R, Reports : a review journal Vol. 159; p. 100797
Main Authors Nekahi, Atiyeh, Kumar M.R., Anil, Li, Xia, Deng, Sixu, Zaghib, Karim
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.06.2024
Subjects
Electric vehicles
Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium-ion batteries
Mine-to-chassis
Olivine cathode materials
Lithium-ion batteries
Lithium iron phosphate
Electric vehicles
Olivine cathode materials
Mine-to-chassis
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract We conducted a comprehensive literature review of LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x=0.1–1) (LMFP)-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), focusing mostly on electric vehicles (EVs) as a primary application of LIBs. Although numerous individual research studies exist, a unified and coordinated review covering the subject from mine to chassis has not yet been presented. Accordingly, our review encompasses the entire LIB development process. I) Initial resources, including lithium, iron, manganese, and phosphorous; their global reserves; mining procedures; and the demand for LIB production. II) The main Fe- and Mn-containing precursors, Fe0, FexOy, FePO4, FeSO4, and MnSO4, focusing on their preparation methods, use in LIBs, and their effect on the electrochemical performance of the final active cathode materials. III) Use of the precursors in the synthesis of active cathode materials and pioneering synthesis methods for olivine production lines, particularly hydrothermal liquid-state synthesis, molten-state synthesis, and solid-state synthesis. IV) Electrode engineering and the design and optimization of electrolytes. V) Production of cells, modules, and packs. (VI) Highlights of the challenges associated with the widespread utilization of olivines in LIBs, emphasizing their safety, cost, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions. In conclusion, our review offers a comprehensive overview of the entire process involved in the fabrication of LFP/LMFP-based LIBs, from the initial elements in the mine to the assembly of the final packs that power EVs. [Display omitted]
AbstractList We conducted a comprehensive literature review of LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x=0.1–1) (LMFP)-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), focusing mostly on electric vehicles (EVs) as a primary application of LIBs. Although numerous individual research studies exist, a unified and coordinated review covering the subject from mine to chassis has not yet been presented. Accordingly, our review encompasses the entire LIB development process. I) Initial resources, including lithium, iron, manganese, and phosphorous; their global reserves; mining procedures; and the demand for LIB production. II) The main Fe- and Mn-containing precursors, Fe0, FexOy, FePO4, FeSO4, and MnSO4, focusing on their preparation methods, use in LIBs, and their effect on the electrochemical performance of the final active cathode materials. III) Use of the precursors in the synthesis of active cathode materials and pioneering synthesis methods for olivine production lines, particularly hydrothermal liquid-state synthesis, molten-state synthesis, and solid-state synthesis. IV) Electrode engineering and the design and optimization of electrolytes. V) Production of cells, modules, and packs. (VI) Highlights of the challenges associated with the widespread utilization of olivines in LIBs, emphasizing their safety, cost, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions. In conclusion, our review offers a comprehensive overview of the entire process involved in the fabrication of LFP/LMFP-based LIBs, from the initial elements in the mine to the assembly of the final packs that power EVs. [Display omitted]
ArticleNumber 100797
Author Zaghib, Karim
Deng, Sixu
Li, Xia
Nekahi, Atiyeh
Kumar M.R., Anil
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Atiyeh
  surname: Nekahi
  fullname: Nekahi, Atiyeh
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  givenname: Anil
  surname: Kumar M.R.
  fullname: Kumar M.R., Anil
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  givenname: Xia
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Xia
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  givenname: Sixu
  surname: Deng
  fullname: Deng, Sixu
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Karim
  surname: Zaghib
  fullname: Zaghib, Karim
  email: karim.zaghib@concordia.ca
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Keywords Lithium-ion batteries
Lithium iron phosphate
Electric vehicles
Olivine cathode materials
Mine-to-chassis
Language English
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Snippet We conducted a comprehensive literature review of LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x=0.1–1) (LMFP)-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), focusing mostly on...
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StartPage 100797
SubjectTerms Electric vehicles
Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium-ion batteries
Mine-to-chassis
Olivine cathode materials
Title Sustainable LiFePO4 and LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x=0.1–1) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A systematic review from mine to chassis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2024.100797
Volume 159
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