A Load-Insensitive Hybrid LSK Back Telemetry System With Slope-Based Demodulation for Inductively Powered Biomedical Devices

This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a primary coil ( L 1 ) against a wide range of load variations. The hybrid-LSK-enabled full-wave rectifier enables the sequential combination of op...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 651 - 663
Main Authors Lee, Hyun-Su, Ahn, Jisan, Kang, Minil, Lee, Hyung-Min
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.08.2022
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Back
Back telemetry
Batteries
Bit error rate
Coils
Data recovery
Demodulation
Demodulators
Electric potential
Energy conversion
hybrid load-shift keying
Hybrid systems
implantable medical device
Keying
Load distribution
Load fluctuation
load-insensitive data telemetry
Modulation
Pulse duration
Rectifiers
slope-based demodulator
Telemetry
uplink
Variation
Voltage
Wireless communication
wireless power transfer
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1932-4545
1940-9990
1940-9990
DOI10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3192248

Cover

Abstract This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a primary coil ( L 1 ) against a wide range of load variations. The hybrid-LSK-enabled full-wave rectifier enables the sequential combination of open- and short-coil functions for hybrid-LSK modulation in addition to wireless power conversion operation. Load-insensitive L 1 voltage changes can be demodulated using the proposed slope- based demodulator, which utilizes the threshold slope of L 1 voltage changes over the back data pulse width, enabling robust data recovery regardless of the load conditions. The 0.56-mm 2 0.18-μm standard CMOS hybrid-LSK prototype demonstrated that the variation of L 1 voltage changes could be minimized to 60 mV under load changes between 50 Ω and 50 kΩ at coil separation distance of 10 mm, achieving 88.2% reduction compared to the conventional short-coil LSK with 510 mV variation. The proposed back telemetry system also achieved a bit error rate (BER) of < 9.1 × 10 −10 under load ranges from 50 Ω to 50 kΩ and data rate of 1 Mbps, ensuring reliable back data recovery against load variations.
AbstractList This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a primary coil (L1) against a wide range of load variations. The hybrid-LSK-enabled full-wave rectifier enables the sequential combination of open- and short-coil functions for hybrid-LSK modulation in addition to wireless power conversion operation. Load-insensitive L1 voltage changes can be demodulated using the proposed slope- based demodulator, which utilizes the threshold slope of L1 voltage changes over the back data pulse width, enabling robust data recovery regardless of the load conditions. The 0.56-mm2 0.18-μm standard CMOS hybrid-LSK prototype demonstrated that the variation of L1 voltage changes could be minimized to 60 mV under load changes between 50 Ω and 50 kΩ at coil separation distance of 10 mm, achieving 88.2% reduction compared to the conventional short-coil LSK with 510 mV variation. The proposed back telemetry system also achieved a bit error rate (BER) of < 9.1 × 10-10 under load ranges from 50 Ω to 50 kΩ and data rate of 1 Mbps, ensuring reliable back data recovery against load variations.This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a primary coil (L1) against a wide range of load variations. The hybrid-LSK-enabled full-wave rectifier enables the sequential combination of open- and short-coil functions for hybrid-LSK modulation in addition to wireless power conversion operation. Load-insensitive L1 voltage changes can be demodulated using the proposed slope- based demodulator, which utilizes the threshold slope of L1 voltage changes over the back data pulse width, enabling robust data recovery regardless of the load conditions. The 0.56-mm2 0.18-μm standard CMOS hybrid-LSK prototype demonstrated that the variation of L1 voltage changes could be minimized to 60 mV under load changes between 50 Ω and 50 kΩ at coil separation distance of 10 mm, achieving 88.2% reduction compared to the conventional short-coil LSK with 510 mV variation. The proposed back telemetry system also achieved a bit error rate (BER) of < 9.1 × 10-10 under load ranges from 50 Ω to 50 kΩ and data rate of 1 Mbps, ensuring reliable back data recovery against load variations.
This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a primary coil ( L1 ) against a wide range of load variations. The hybrid-LSK-enabled full-wave rectifier enables the sequential combination of open- and short-coil functions for hybrid-LSK modulation in addition to wireless power conversion operation. Load-insensitive L1 voltage changes can be demodulated using the proposed slope- based demodulator, which utilizes the threshold slope of L1 voltage changes over the back data pulse width, enabling robust data recovery regardless of the load conditions. The 0.56-mm2 0.18-μm standard CMOS hybrid-LSK prototype demonstrated that the variation of L1 voltage changes could be minimized to 60 mV under load changes between 50 Ω and 50 kΩ at coil separation distance of 10 mm, achieving 88.2% reduction compared to the conventional short-coil LSK with 510 mV variation. The proposed back telemetry system also achieved a bit error rate (BER) of < 9.1 × 10−10 under load ranges from 50 Ω to 50 kΩ and data rate of 1 Mbps, ensuring reliable back data recovery against load variations.
This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a primary coil ( L 1 ) against a wide range of load variations. The hybrid-LSK-enabled full-wave rectifier enables the sequential combination of open- and short-coil functions for hybrid-LSK modulation in addition to wireless power conversion operation. Load-insensitive L 1 voltage changes can be demodulated using the proposed slope- based demodulator, which utilizes the threshold slope of L 1 voltage changes over the back data pulse width, enabling robust data recovery regardless of the load conditions. The 0.56-mm 2 0.18-μm standard CMOS hybrid-LSK prototype demonstrated that the variation of L 1 voltage changes could be minimized to 60 mV under load changes between 50 Ω and 50 kΩ at coil separation distance of 10 mm, achieving 88.2% reduction compared to the conventional short-coil LSK with 510 mV variation. The proposed back telemetry system also achieved a bit error rate (BER) of < 9.1 × 10 −10 under load ranges from 50 Ω to 50 kΩ and data rate of 1 Mbps, ensuring reliable back data recovery against load variations.
Author Kang, Minil
Ahn, Jisan
Lee, Hyung-Min
Lee, Hyun-Su
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hyun-Su
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8408-1183
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Hyun-Su
  email: hyunsu.solid.state@gmail.com
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jisan
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8307-9580
  surname: Ahn
  fullname: Ahn, Jisan
  email: promise0w0@korea.ac.kr
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Minil
  surname: Kang
  fullname: Kang, Minil
  email: kuniverse@korea.ac.kr
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Hyung-Min
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1191-3553
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Hyung-Min
  email: hyungmin@korea.ac.kr
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
BookMark eNp9kUtvEzEUhS1URB_wB2BjiQ2bCX527GWSAo2IBFKCWFoe-1q4zIyDPVM0Ej-eSVOx6ILVvYvvnHt1ziU661MPCL2mZEEp0e_3q_Vyt2CEsQWnmjGhnqELqgWptNbk7LhzVgkp5Dm6LOWOEHnNNHuBzrlUkpNaXKA_S7xN1lebvkBf4hDvAd9OTY4eb3ef8cq6n3gPLXQw5AnvpjJAh7_H4QfetekA1coW8PgGuuTH1g4x9TikjDe9H93RrJ3w1_Qb8gytYurAR2fbmb-PDspL9DzYtsCrx3mFvn38sF_fVtsvnzbr5bZyTKqhCtLXRDkmINigg4CGMFcH73mjdHBWKaBWMyudhhACeOJVw2SwgtOGi8Cv0LuT7yGnXyOUwXSxOGhb20Mai2HXmtZKSy1m9O0T9C6NuZ-_M6xmXM3JajlT7ES5nErJEMwhx87myVBijt2Yh27MsRvz2M0sUk9ELg4PkQ3Zxvb_0jcnaQSAf7e04pwTzf8Co7yenA
CODEN ITBCCW
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2023_3334753
crossref_primary_10_1002_cta_3923
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2023_3335158
crossref_primary_10_1109_LMWT_2024_3411572
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2023_3305521
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2023_3268686
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2024_3429297
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2024_3372418
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSSC_2024_3410685
Cites_doi 10.1109/TBCAS.2017.2775638
10.1109/TBME.2012.2214385
10.1109/CICC51472.2021.9431451
10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3083276
10.1109/JSSC.2004.835822
10.1109/JSSC.2014.2364824
10.1109/TCSI.2005.858163
10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365750
10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3135843
10.1109/MCOM.2018.1800052
10.1109/MSPEC.2006.1604837
10.1109/JSSC.2020.3005772
10.1109/TBCAS.2008.2005295
10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2580513
10.1017/cbo9780511817281
10.1109/JSSC.2014.2355814
10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2943506
10.1109/BioCAS49922.2021.9644982
10.1109/TBCAS.2012.2198649
10.1038/s41587-020-0679-9
10.1109/CICC53496.2022.9772833
10.1109/TPEL.2022.3151427
10.1109/JSSC.2016.2611678
10.1109/ISCAS.2007.378508
10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2918761
10.1109/MSP.2011.941880
10.1109/TBCAS.2018.2881800
10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2891303
10.1109/TCSI.2008.924877
10.1109/TCSI.2005.852923
10.1109/JSSC.2016.2600864
10.1109/JSSC.2018.2867293
10.1109/TCSI.2010.2103172
10.1109/JSSC.2021.3087629
10.1038/s41928-021-00631-8
10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501320
10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2646901
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7QO
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
L7M
P64
7X8
DOI 10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3192248
DatabaseName IEEE Xplore (IEEE)
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1940-9990
EndPage 663
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TBCAS_2022_3192248
9833309
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Korea
  grantid: RS-2022-00154983
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
29I
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACIWK
ACPRK
AENEX
AETIX
AFRAH
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
EBS
EJD
F5P
HZ~
IFIPE
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
AAYXX
CITATION
RIG
7QO
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
L7M
P64
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c258t-f5d708c24efaf9f4eb02c7fdd3b89fca88e1a92a5c9efffed0d8b25fa431b34f3
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 1932-4545
1940-9990
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 15:27:01 EDT 2025
Sun Jun 29 15:27:26 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:26:37 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:51:27 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:18:43 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c258t-f5d708c24efaf9f4eb02c7fdd3b89fca88e1a92a5c9efffed0d8b25fa431b34f3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-8408-1183
0000-0002-8307-9580
0000-0003-1191-3553
PMID 35853074
PQID 2723899995
PQPubID 85510
PageCount 13
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2723899995
proquest_miscellaneous_2691789594
ieee_primary_9833309
crossref_primary_10_1109_TBCAS_2022_3192248
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TBCAS_2022_3192248
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-08-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems
PublicationTitleAbbrev TBCAS
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref35
ref12
ref34
ref15
ref37
ref14
ref36
ref31
ref30
ref11
ref33
ref10
ref32
ref2
ref1
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
ref24
ref23
ref26
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref21
ref28
ref27
ref29
ref8
ref7
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
References_xml – ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2017.2775638
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1109/TBME.2012.2214385
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1109/CICC51472.2021.9431451
– ident: ref37
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3083276
– ident: ref36
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2004.835822
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2014.2364824
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.858163
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365750
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3135843
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1800052
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/MSPEC.2006.1604837
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3005772
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2008.2005295
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2580513
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511817281
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2014.2355814
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2943506
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1109/BioCAS49922.2021.9644982
– ident: ref35
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2012.2198649
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0679-9
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/CICC53496.2022.9772833
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3151427
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2016.2611678
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2007.378508
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2918761
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/MSP.2011.941880
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2018.2881800
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2891303
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2008.924877
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.852923
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2016.2600864
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2867293
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2010.2103172
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2021.3087629
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1038/s41928-021-00631-8
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2501320
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2646901
SSID ssj0056292
Score 2.3852918
Snippet This paper presents a hybrid load-shift keying (LSK) modulation for a load-insensitive back telemetry system to realize near-constant voltage changes in a...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 651
SubjectTerms Back
Back telemetry
Batteries
Bit error rate
Coils
Data recovery
Demodulation
Demodulators
Electric potential
Energy conversion
hybrid load-shift keying
Hybrid systems
implantable medical device
Keying
Load distribution
Load fluctuation
load-insensitive data telemetry
Modulation
Pulse duration
Rectifiers
slope-based demodulator
Telemetry
uplink
Variation
Voltage
Wireless communication
wireless power transfer
Title A Load-Insensitive Hybrid LSK Back Telemetry System With Slope-Based Demodulation for Inductively Powered Biomedical Devices
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9833309
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2723899995
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2691789594
Volume 16
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9NAEF61PcGBAgWRtqBF4gabOmtvsntMSqsABSElFb1Z-5gVqGlctc4hiB_PzNqOKCDEzZLHL83szDfrmfkYe-WCd9oNcmGUHApciVpYL41A8OtzGBWgYpr2-Wk4PS_eX6iLLfZm0wsDAKn4DPp0mP7lh8qvaKvsyOgc02-zzbbRzJperc7rYhhPBMiER2iOt-oaZDJzNJ8cj2eYCkqJGarBmEUkfTniZLTv4k48SgQrf3jlFGpOd9nH7iWbCpPL_qp2ff_9t_mN__sVD9mDFnPycWMkj9gWLB-z-79MItxjP8b8rLJBvKOt5ttUT8Sna-rm4mezD3xi_SWfA5Wa1zdr3ow551--1V_5bFFdg5hgMAz8LVxVoeUD44iGORGDJIe6WPPPxMeGQpPU8E-2gfLJTz1h56cn8-OpaIkZhJdK1yKqMMq0lwVEG00swGXSj2IIudMmeqs1DKyRVnkDMUYIWdBOqmgRrbi8iPlTtrOslvCM8YA-QzpjB5jhF5kfGYv5lNbWK2XBatVjg049pW-nlhN5xqJM2UtmyqTdkrRbttrtsdeba66bmR3_lN4jHW0kW_X02GFnBWW7rG9LSRRtCKkNvtfLzWlckPSXxS6hWqHMEDNgbZQp9v9-5wN2j57fVBEesp36ZgXPEdnU7kUy6Z93NPSL
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3fb9MwELbGeIA9MGAgChsYiTdwlzp2az-2G1PHugmpndhb5B9ngdY105Y-FPHHc3aSChhCvEXKJXJ057vv4rv7CHlnvbPK9nKmJe8z3ImKGcc1Q_DrchgIkCFN-zzrj8_Fpwt5sUE-rHthACAVn0E3XqazfF-6ZfxVtq9Vjum3vkfuY9wXsu7Wav0uBvJEgRwRSZzkLdsWmUzvz0YHwykmg5xjjqoxakWavhyRMlq4-C0iJYqVO345BZujbXLaLrOuMbnsLivbdd__mOD4v9_xmDxqUCcd1mbyhGzA4inZ-mUW4Q75MaST0nh2HH8236aKIjpexX4uOpme0JFxl3QGsdi8ulnRetA5_fKt-kqn8_Ia2AjDoaeHcFX6hhGMIh6mkRokudT5in6OjGwoNEot_9E6UD55qmfk_Ojj7GDMGmoG5rhUFQvSDzLluIBggg4CbMbdIHifW6WDM0pBz2hupNMQQgCfeWW5DAbxis1FyJ-TzUW5gBeEevQa3GrTwxxfZG6gDWZUShknpQGjZIf0WvUUrplbHukz5kXKXzJdJO0WUbtFo90Oeb9-5rqe2vFP6Z2oo7Vko54O2W2toGg29m3BI0kbgmqN63q7vo1bMp6zmAWUS5TpYw6stNTi5d_f_IY8GM9OJ8Xk-OzkFXkY11LXFO6SzepmCXuIcyr7Opn3T2dv99g
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Load-Insensitive+Hybrid+LSK+Back+Telemetry+System+With+Slope-Based+Demodulation+for+Inductively+Powered+Biomedical+Devices&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+biomedical+circuits+and+systems&rft.au=Lee%2C+Hyun-Su&rft.au=Ahn%2C+Jisan&rft.au=Kang%2C+Minil&rft.au=Lee%2C+Hyung-Min&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.issn=1932-4545&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=651&rft.epage=663&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTBCAS.2022.3192248&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35853074&rft.externalDocID=9833309
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-4545&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-4545&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-4545&client=summon