Oscillation rheology, calorimetry and computed tomography: A practical toolkit combination of qualification for real poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste

• Published in: Journal of cleaner production Vol. 454; p. 142346
• Main Authors: Simon-Stőger, L., Kovács, A., Szigeti, M., Bobek-Nagy, J., Kurdi, R., Varga, Cs
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 15.05.2024
• Subjects: Calorimetry; Oscillation rheology; Refuse-derived fuel; Temperature sweep test; Waste PET; Waste PET; Calorimetry; Refuse-derived fuel; Oscillation rheology; Temperature sweep test
• ISSN: 0959-6526; 1879-1786
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142346

The conventional qualification methodologies, such as internal viscosity measurement and Melt Flow Index (MFI) tests, which are routinely applied to pristine materials and homogenous waste, are not directly transferrable to the qualification process of plastic mixtures. The current investigation is oriented towards the development of a pragmatic suite of measurements techniques aimed at facilitating the qualification of diverse real polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste streams. This is primarily achieved through the integration of oscillatory rheology, calorimetry and computed tomography (CT). Samples derived from both selective income (SI) and sorting residue (SR) of a manual selective waste sorting plant are included, along with an examination of PET material originating from refuse-derived fuel (RDF). To establish references for comparison, manually collected bottles with (BCL) and without (B) caps and labels are employed, leveraging their known composition and purity. Calorimetry reveals that the glass transition temperature (Tg) is the most sensitive parameter for tracking the structural and compositional changes in waste PET-based streams. The utilization of temperature sweep test in rheology for determining the melting temperature (Tm) proves advantageous, offering a significantly shorter measurement time (∼1:24) compared to calorimetry. Importantly, this approach yields the Tm of the genuine composition rather than individual components. Detection of metal content contaminations in PET waste streams is made possible through CT, while frequency tests in rheological measurements demonstrate effectiveness in discerning their effects. [Display omitted] •The lack of management for PET waste beyond PET bottles.•Investigation of real PETs derived from different stages of a waste sorting plant.•Correlation between the melting temperatures obtained by rheology and calorimetry.•Calorimetry can be partially replaced by faster oscillatory rheological tests.