Compact design of first‐order microwave integrator for Ku band applications

This article demonstrates the design and implementation of a stable wideband first‐order microwave integrator. The proposed design is attained by the cascading of eight equal‐length serial transmission lines. The meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms namely real‐coded genetic algorithm, particle sw...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMicrowave and optical technology letters Vol. 65; no. 1; pp. 122 - 128
Main Authors Gautam, Usha, Rawat, Tarun K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2023
Subjects
equal length
first‐order
Frequency ranges
Genetic algorithms
Integrators
Ku‐band
microwave integrator
Network analysers
optimization
Particle swarm optimization
serial transmission line
sine–cosine algorithm
Substrates
Transmission lines
Trigonometric functions
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Summary:This article demonstrates the design and implementation of a stable wideband first‐order microwave integrator. The proposed design is attained by the cascading of eight equal‐length serial transmission lines. The meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms namely real‐coded genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and sine–cosine algorithm are applied to attain the characteristic impedance of serial lines. Further, the proposed integrator, fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with permittivity (ϵ r ${\epsilon }_{r}$) = 2.2 and height ( t ) $(t)$ = 0.762 mm. The results are measured using a vector network analyzer, show its conformity with the simulated and ideal result within the frequency range of 4–18 GHz in MATLAB environment, and confirm its eligibility for Ku‐band application, which is compact in size.
ISSN:0895-2477
1098-2760
DOI:10.1002/mop.33476