Analysis of Peripheral Blood T Lymphocyte Subsets in Multiple Myeloma Patients

• Published in: Clinical laboratory (Heidelberg) Vol. 70; no. 10
• Main Authors: Wu, Xue, Gu, Cuihong, Zhang, Rongjuan, Yang, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhihua, Yang, Xinhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Male; Memory T Cells - immunology; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma - blood; Multiple Myeloma - diagnosis; Multiple Myeloma - immunology; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology; Th1 Cells - immunology; Th17 Cells - immunology; Th2 Cells - immunology
• DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2024.240513
• ISSN: 1433-6510

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of T lymphocyte subsets (Th1, Th2, Tc1, Tc2, and Th17) and memory T lymphocyte subsets (Tcm and Tem) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at different stages of the disease. In total, 25 newly diagnosed patients with MM were selected as the study subjects and 30 healthy people were selected as the control group. The subsets of T lymphocytes such as Th1, Th2, Tc1, Tc2, Th17, Tcm, and Tem in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry at the time of initial diagnosis, infection, and remission. Th1, Tem, and Tcm cells in MM patients showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Th2 and Th17 cells in MM patients showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Total Th1 cells and memory Th1 cells in MM patients with bacterial infection were significantly higher than at initial diagnosis (p < 0.05). The Tcm of Th2 cells in the remission stage were significantly higher than those in MM patients with no remission. MM patients have decreased Th1 cells and increased Th2 and Th17 cells. The changes in memory Th1 cells were related to bacterial infection in MM patients. The increase of Tcm of Th2 cells may be associated with disease remission. The balance of T lymphocyte subsets plays an important role in the pathogenic course of MM.