Readability of online patient education material for foregut surgery
Introduction Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of su...
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Published in | Surgical endoscopy Vol. 38; no. 9; pp. 5259 - 5265 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
01.09.2024
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Introduction
Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of surgery. It likely poses as a barrier to patients considering foregut surgery which requires an understanding of different treatment options and specific diet instructions. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the readability of online patient education materials (PEM) for foregut surgery.
Methods
Using Google, the terms “anti-reflux surgery, “GERD surgery,” and “foregut surgery” were searched and a total of 30 webpages from universities and national organizations were selected. The readability of the text was assessed with seven instruments: Flesch Reading Ease formula (FRE), Gunning Fog (GF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman Liau Index (CL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Automated Readability Index (ARI), and Linsear Write Formula (LWF). Mean readability scores were calculated with standard deviations. We performed a qualitative analysis gathering characteristics such as, type of information (preoperative or postoperative), organization, use of multimedia, inclusion of a version in another language.
Results
The overall average readability of the top PEM for foregut surgery was 12th grade. There was only one resource at the recommended sixth grade reading level. Nearly half of PEM included some form of multimedia.
Conclusions
The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health have recommended that PEMs to be written at the 5th–6th grade level. The majority of online PEM for foregut surgery is above the recommended reading level. This may be a barrier for patients seeking foregut surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the potential gaps in understanding of their patients to help them make informed decisions and improve overall health outcomes. |
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AbstractList | IntroductionHealth literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of surgery. It likely poses as a barrier to patients considering foregut surgery which requires an understanding of different treatment options and specific diet instructions. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the readability of online patient education materials (PEM) for foregut surgery.MethodsUsing Google, the terms “anti-reflux surgery, “GERD surgery,” and “foregut surgery” were searched and a total of 30 webpages from universities and national organizations were selected. The readability of the text was assessed with seven instruments: Flesch Reading Ease formula (FRE), Gunning Fog (GF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman Liau Index (CL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Automated Readability Index (ARI), and Linsear Write Formula (LWF). Mean readability scores were calculated with standard deviations. We performed a qualitative analysis gathering characteristics such as, type of information (preoperative or postoperative), organization, use of multimedia, inclusion of a version in another language.ResultsThe overall average readability of the top PEM for foregut surgery was 12th grade. There was only one resource at the recommended sixth grade reading level. Nearly half of PEM included some form of multimedia.ConclusionsThe American Medical Association and National Institute of Health have recommended that PEMs to be written at the 5th–6th grade level. The majority of online PEM for foregut surgery is above the recommended reading level. This may be a barrier for patients seeking foregut surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the potential gaps in understanding of their patients to help them make informed decisions and improve overall health outcomes. Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of surgery. It likely poses as a barrier to patients considering foregut surgery which requires an understanding of different treatment options and specific diet instructions. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the readability of online patient education materials (PEM) for foregut surgery. Using Google, the terms "anti-reflux surgery, "GERD surgery," and "foregut surgery" were searched and a total of 30 webpages from universities and national organizations were selected. The readability of the text was assessed with seven instruments: Flesch Reading Ease formula (FRE), Gunning Fog (GF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman Liau Index (CL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Automated Readability Index (ARI), and Linsear Write Formula (LWF). Mean readability scores were calculated with standard deviations. We performed a qualitative analysis gathering characteristics such as, type of information (preoperative or postoperative), organization, use of multimedia, inclusion of a version in another language. The overall average readability of the top PEM for foregut surgery was 12th grade. There was only one resource at the recommended sixth grade reading level. Nearly half of PEM included some form of multimedia. The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health have recommended that PEMs to be written at the 5th-6th grade level. The majority of online PEM for foregut surgery is above the recommended reading level. This may be a barrier for patients seeking foregut surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the potential gaps in understanding of their patients to help them make informed decisions and improve overall health outcomes. Introduction Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of surgery. It likely poses as a barrier to patients considering foregut surgery which requires an understanding of different treatment options and specific diet instructions. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the readability of online patient education materials (PEM) for foregut surgery. Methods Using Google, the terms “anti-reflux surgery, “GERD surgery,” and “foregut surgery” were searched and a total of 30 webpages from universities and national organizations were selected. The readability of the text was assessed with seven instruments: Flesch Reading Ease formula (FRE), Gunning Fog (GF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman Liau Index (CL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Automated Readability Index (ARI), and Linsear Write Formula (LWF). Mean readability scores were calculated with standard deviations. We performed a qualitative analysis gathering characteristics such as, type of information (preoperative or postoperative), organization, use of multimedia, inclusion of a version in another language. Results The overall average readability of the top PEM for foregut surgery was 12th grade. There was only one resource at the recommended sixth grade reading level. Nearly half of PEM included some form of multimedia. Conclusions The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health have recommended that PEMs to be written at the 5th–6th grade level. The majority of online PEM for foregut surgery is above the recommended reading level. This may be a barrier for patients seeking foregut surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the potential gaps in understanding of their patients to help them make informed decisions and improve overall health outcomes. Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of surgery. It likely poses as a barrier to patients considering foregut surgery which requires an understanding of different treatment options and specific diet instructions. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the readability of online patient education materials (PEM) for foregut surgery.INTRODUCTIONHealth literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical patients has been associated with nonadherence to preoperative and/or discharge instructions as well as poor comprehension of surgery. It likely poses as a barrier to patients considering foregut surgery which requires an understanding of different treatment options and specific diet instructions. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the readability of online patient education materials (PEM) for foregut surgery.Using Google, the terms "anti-reflux surgery, "GERD surgery," and "foregut surgery" were searched and a total of 30 webpages from universities and national organizations were selected. The readability of the text was assessed with seven instruments: Flesch Reading Ease formula (FRE), Gunning Fog (GF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman Liau Index (CL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Automated Readability Index (ARI), and Linsear Write Formula (LWF). Mean readability scores were calculated with standard deviations. We performed a qualitative analysis gathering characteristics such as, type of information (preoperative or postoperative), organization, use of multimedia, inclusion of a version in another language.METHODSUsing Google, the terms "anti-reflux surgery, "GERD surgery," and "foregut surgery" were searched and a total of 30 webpages from universities and national organizations were selected. The readability of the text was assessed with seven instruments: Flesch Reading Ease formula (FRE), Gunning Fog (GF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman Liau Index (CL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Automated Readability Index (ARI), and Linsear Write Formula (LWF). Mean readability scores were calculated with standard deviations. We performed a qualitative analysis gathering characteristics such as, type of information (preoperative or postoperative), organization, use of multimedia, inclusion of a version in another language.The overall average readability of the top PEM for foregut surgery was 12th grade. There was only one resource at the recommended sixth grade reading level. Nearly half of PEM included some form of multimedia.RESULTSThe overall average readability of the top PEM for foregut surgery was 12th grade. There was only one resource at the recommended sixth grade reading level. Nearly half of PEM included some form of multimedia.The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health have recommended that PEMs to be written at the 5th-6th grade level. The majority of online PEM for foregut surgery is above the recommended reading level. This may be a barrier for patients seeking foregut surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the potential gaps in understanding of their patients to help them make informed decisions and improve overall health outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThe American Medical Association and National Institute of Health have recommended that PEMs to be written at the 5th-6th grade level. The majority of online PEM for foregut surgery is above the recommended reading level. This may be a barrier for patients seeking foregut surgery. Surgeons should be aware of the potential gaps in understanding of their patients to help them make informed decisions and improve overall health outcomes. |
Author | Weiss, Barry Worrell, Stephanie Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh Ghaderi, Iman Chang, Michelle |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michelle orcidid: 0009-0000-8238-2433 surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Michelle email: michelleechang22@gmail.com organization: College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona – sequence: 2 givenname: Barry surname: Weiss fullname: Weiss, Barry organization: College of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona – sequence: 3 givenname: Stephanie surname: Worrell fullname: Worrell, Stephanie organization: College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona – sequence: 4 givenname: Chiu-Hsieh surname: Hsu fullname: Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh organization: College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona – sequence: 5 givenname: Iman surname: Ghaderi fullname: Ghaderi, Iman organization: College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona |
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Cites_doi | 10.1080/10810730.2012.712621 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.025 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.03.025 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001324 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00529.x 10.1016/j.jss.2023.09.018 10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.021 10.17226/10883 10.1007/s11606-008-0566-4 10.1007/s00464-023-10088-9 10.1007/s00464-023-10153-3 10.1037/h0076540 10.1080/13548509608400003 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001230 10.3928/24748307-20191121-01 |
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Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy... Health literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy among surgical... IntroductionHealth literacy is the ability of individuals to use basic health information and services to make well-informed decisions. Low health literacy... |
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SubjectTerms | 2024 SAGES Oral Abdominal Surgery Comprehension Gastroenterology Gynecology Health education Health Literacy Hepatology Humans Internet Medicine Medicine & Public Health Multimedia Patient education Patient Education as Topic - methods Proctology Readability Surgery |
Title | Readability of online patient education material for foregut surgery |
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