Influence of fear and Allee effects on stability and species survival in a tri-trophic food chain

• Published in: Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation Vol. 152; p. 109115
• Main Authors: Kumar, Vinay, Bairwa, Suneel Kumar, Tanvi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.01.2026
• Subjects: Allee effect; Bifurcation; Chaos control; Coexistence; Fear effect; Bifurcation; Coexistence; Fear effect; Chaos control; Allee effect

This study investigates the impact of fear and Allee effects on the qualitative behavior of a tri-trophic food chain model. We formulate a mathematical model where the fear effect influences the bottom prey population while the top predator is subject to the Allee effect. We establish conditions for...