Biochar innovations for sustainable agriculture: Acidification and zinc enrichment strategies to improve calcareous soil fertility and wheat yield

Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well as having low microbial activity, require the development of sustainable soil conditioners to improve fertility. To address these shortcomin...

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Published inSoil and water research Vol. 20; no. 2; pp. 105 - 118
Main Authors Demirkaya, Salih, Gülser, Coskun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Prague Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) 01.01.2025
Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Subjects
Acidification
Agricultural production
Agriculture
antioxidant enzyme activity
Ascorbic acid
biochar
Biological activity
calcareous soil
Calcareous soils
Catalase
Cation exchange
Cation exchanging
Charcoal
Crop yield
Enrichment
Enzymatic activity
Glutathione
Glutathione peroxidase
L-Ascorbate peroxidase
Microbial activity
Microorganisms
nutrient enhancement
Nutrients
Organic carbon
Organic matter
Organic phosphorus
Peroxidase
Soil chemistry
Soil conditioners
Soil fertility
Soil improvement
Soil pH
Soil properties
Sulfuric acid
Superoxide dismutase
Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable development
Wheat
Zinc
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Abstract Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well as having low microbial activity, require the development of sustainable soil conditioners to improve fertility. To address these shortcomings and promote sustainable agriculture, biochar, especially with acidic character, may offer a promising solution. This study investigates the effects of modified biochar by H2SO4 and ZnSO4on soil properties and wheat yield under field conditions. For this purpose, biochar (B), acidified biochar (AB), Zn enriched biochar (BZn), and acidified-Zn enriched biochar (ABZn) were applied to the field at two different doses (0.5 and 1.0%) together with the control treatment (Ck) without biochar application. AB1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in decreasing soil pH (0.15 units), while B1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in increasing organic carbon and cation exchange capacity, 13% and 32%, respectively. The effect of the treatments varied for specific nutrients. The highest antioxidant enzyme activities were found in acidified biochars where the lowest yields were obtained. Compared to the Ck, the highest catalase (CAT) (32%) was determined in ABZn1.0%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (56%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (36%) were determined in ABZn0.5%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (28%) was determined in AB0.5%. The highest proline (PRO), with the least decrease in yield, was found in the AB1.0% application, which is 205% more than Ck. B and BZn treatments all increased the grain yield, and the highest increase was 20% in B1.0%when compared to the Ck.
AbstractList Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well as having low microbial activity, require the development of sustainable soil conditioners to improve fertility. To address these shortcomings and promote sustainable agriculture, biochar, especially with acidic character, may offer a promising solution. This study investigates the effects of modified biochar by H2SO4 and ZnSO4on soil properties and wheat yield under field conditions. For this purpose, biochar (B), acidified biochar (AB), Zn enriched biochar (BZn), and acidified-Zn enriched biochar (ABZn) were applied to the field at two different doses (0.5 and 1.0%) together with the control treatment (Ck) without biochar application. AB1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in decreasing soil pH (0.15 units), while B1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in increasing organic carbon and cation exchange capacity, 13% and 32%, respectively. The effect of the treatments varied for specific nutrients. The highest antioxidant enzyme activities were found in acidified biochars where the lowest yields were obtained. Compared to the Ck, the highest catalase (CAT) (32%) was determined in ABZn1.0%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (56%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (36%) were determined in ABZn0.5%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (28%) was determined in AB0.5%. The highest proline (PRO), with the least decrease in yield, was found in the AB1.0% application, which is 205% more than Ck. B and BZn treatments all increased the grain yield, and the highest increase was 20% in B1.0%when compared to the Ck.
Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well as having low microbial activity, require the development of sustainable soil conditioners to improve fertility. To address these shortcomings and promote sustainable agriculture, biochar, especially with acidic character, may offer a promising solution. This study investigates the effects of modified biochar by H2SO4 and ZnSO4 on soil properties and wheat yield under field conditions. For this purpose, biochar (B), acidified biochar (AB), Zn enriched biochar (BZn), and acidified-Zn enriched biochar (ABZn) were applied to the field at two different doses (0.5 and 1.0%) together with the control treatment (Ck) without biochar application. AB1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in decreasing soil pH (0.15 units), while B1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in increasing organic carbon and cation exchange capacity, 13% and 32%, respectively. The effect of the treatments varied for specific nutrients. The highest antioxidant enzyme activities were found in acidified biochars where the lowest yields were obtained. Compared to the Ck, the highest catalase (CAT) (32%) was determined in ABZn1.0%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (56%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (36%) were determined in ABZn0.5%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (28%) was determined in AB0.5%. The highest proline (PRO), with the least decrease in yield, was found in the AB1.0% application, which is 205% more than Ck. B and BZn treatments all increased the grain yield, and the highest increase was 20% in B1.0% when compared to the Ck.
Author Gülser, Coskun
Demirkaya, Salih
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Snippet Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well...
Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well...
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StartPage 105
SubjectTerms Acidification
Agricultural production
Agriculture
antioxidant enzyme activity
Ascorbic acid
biochar
Biological activity
calcareous soil
Calcareous soils
Catalase
Cation exchange
Cation exchanging
Charcoal
Crop yield
Enrichment
Enzymatic activity
Glutathione
Glutathione peroxidase
L-Ascorbate peroxidase
Microbial activity
Microorganisms
nutrient enhancement
Nutrients
Organic carbon
Organic matter
Organic phosphorus
Peroxidase
Soil chemistry
Soil conditioners
Soil fertility
Soil improvement
Soil pH
Soil properties
Sulfuric acid
Superoxide dismutase
Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable development
Wheat
Zinc
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Title Biochar innovations for sustainable agriculture: Acidification and zinc enrichment strategies to improve calcareous soil fertility and wheat yield
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3188271970
https://doaj.org/article/b7bc7e27cbcb4858887c4c47834a4140
Volume 20
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