Design and characterization of polarization reconfigurable heart shape monopole antenna for 2.4 GHz application

• Published in: International journal of electrical and computer engineering (Malacca, Malacca) Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 3808
• Main Authors: Murshed, Abu Hena, Hossain, Md. Azad, Rahman, Muhammad Asad, Nishiyama, Eisuke, Toyoda, Ichihiko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Yogyakarta IAES Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science 01.08.2022
• Subjects: Antenna gain; Antennas; Circular polarization; Engineering; Heart; Horizontal polarization; Linear polarization; Monopole antennas; Monopoles; PIN diodes; Radiation; Reconfiguration; Satellite communications; Substrates; Vertical polarization; Voltage standing wave ratios
• ISSN: 2088-8708; 2722-2578; 2088-8708
• DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i4.pp3808-3819

This article represented a heart shape reconfigurable monopole antenna with polarization diversity. The proposed antenna is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip feed line that is printed on a flexible FR-4 (εr=4.4) substrate. The antenna comprises a ring-slot, a cross slot and four positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes that are soldered on ring slot. Four PIN diodes act as a switch and by controlling these PIN diodes effective current direction is changed hence four various states of polarization are achieved. Four states of polarization such as horizontal linear polarization (H-LP), vertical linear polarization (V-LP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) can be switched easily with the help of these PIN diodes and achieved an efficiency of more than 90%. Proposed antenna shows voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 at all working frequency and -10 dB reflection coefficients (RC) bandwidths (BW) (i.e., S11≤-10 dB) about 32.86% for linear polarization (LP) states while RHCP and LHCP states possess BW of about 31.61% and 31.67% respectively. It also shows axial ratio (AR) BW of 3.41% and 2.44% for RHCP and LHCP, respectively. Besides, the antenna has a well-suited omnidirectional pattern with a positive gain of all working frequency of interest where cross-polarization level is much lower than that of antenna gain.