The Factors Affecting Students’ Online Learning Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic, a public health crisis of worldwide importance, announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 as an outbreak, has made distance education through the E-learning system an urgent and irreplaceable requirement. The study assessed factors affecting students’ on...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inEducation research international Vol. 2021; pp. 1 - 13
Main Authors Pham, Thi Tinh Thuong, Le, Hoang Anh, Do, Doan Trang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Hindawi 2021
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subjects
Coronaviruses
Course Content
COVID-19
Design
Disease transmission
Distance learning
Education
Educational objectives
Electronic Learning
Hypotheses
Learning Processes
Literature reviews
Online Courses
Online instruction
Pandemics
Research methodology
Self study
Students
Teaching
Teaching Methods
Technology Acceptance Model
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, a public health crisis of worldwide importance, announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 as an outbreak, has made distance education through the E-learning system an urgent and irreplaceable requirement. The study assessed factors affecting students’ online learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic through interviews with 404 students who were subjects of the survey using the convenience sampling method via questionnaires. The study utilized the reliability analysis through Cronbach’s Alpha and the Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis (BEFA). The evaluation results of the research scales showed that 28 observed variables were used to measure 7 research concepts. Test results of the hypotheses showed that students’ online learning outcomes are affected by 6 factors in the descending order, respectively, learner characteristics, perceived usefulness, course content, course design, ease of use, and faculty capacity.
AbstractList The COVID-19 pandemic, a public health crisis of worldwide importance, announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 as an outbreak, has made distance education through the E-learning system an urgent and irreplaceable requirement. The study assessed factors affecting students’ online learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic through interviews with 404 students who were subjects of the survey using the convenience sampling method via questionnaires. The study utilized the reliability analysis through Cronbach’s Alpha and the Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis (BEFA). The evaluation results of the research scales showed that 28 observed variables were used to measure 7 research concepts. Test results of the hypotheses showed that students’ online learning outcomes are affected by 6 factors in the descending order, respectively, learner characteristics, perceived usefulness, course content, course design, ease of use, and faculty capacity.
Author Pham, Thi Tinh Thuong
Le, Hoang Anh
Do, Doan Trang
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Thi Tinh Thuong
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8068-083X
  surname: Pham
  fullname: Pham, Thi Tinh Thuong
  organization: Van Lang UniversityNo. 45 Nguyen Khac Nhu StreetCo Giang WardDistrict 1Ho Chi Minh City 700000Vietnamen.vanlanguni.edu.vn
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Hoang Anh
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9670-2060
  surname: Le
  fullname: Le, Hoang Anh
  organization: Banking University HCMCNo. 36 Ton That Dam StreetNguyen Thai Binh WardDistrict 1Ho Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Doan Trang
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5324-1009
  surname: Do
  fullname: Do, Doan Trang
  organization: Binh Duong UniversityNo. 504 Binh Duong BoulevardHiep Thanh WardThu Dau Mot City 820000Binh Duong ProvinceVietnam
BookMark eNp9UEtOwzAQtRBIlNIdB7DEEkLtaRIcdqW0UKlSkChsI9txqKvUKbYjyAquwfU4CalasUCC2cyM5n1G7wjtm8oohE4ouaA0ivpAgPYhjhOSsD3UAZKQICSU7P_MBA5Rz7klaYsRuGSkg97nC4UnXPrKOjwsCiW9Ns_4wde5Mt59fXzi1JTaKDxT3JrNLa29rFbK4by2m923CqP0aXoT0ATfc5OrlZZXeIiveaOc5gaP39ZlZXnr0ey88NDwsnHaHaODgpdO9Xa9ix4n4_noLpilt9PRcBZIiIAFMi-oLGhcJJRKRiUXnCkQVIiQsUiKwUAAgBKCQxIWgikCnFARUsFykoThoItOt7prW73UyvlsWdW2fcJlEDGIIxINaIs636KkrZyzqsjWVq-4bTJKsk3K2SblbJdyC4dfcKk997oy3nJd_kU625IW2uT8Vf9v8Q2ODY6r
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_23887_jppp_v8i1_62871
crossref_primary_10_3390_su14138138
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_1368883
crossref_primary_10_4018_IJOPCD_311436
crossref_primary_10_1007_s44217_024_00355_9
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12912_025_02838_y
crossref_primary_10_4103_jdmimsu_jdmimsu_333_22
crossref_primary_10_1109_TLT_2024_3462892
crossref_primary_10_4236_ce_2023_144051
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2024_1274126
crossref_primary_10_4103_enj_enj_41_22
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13731_023_00341_9
crossref_primary_10_21240_zfhe_19_2_03
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph192114247
crossref_primary_10_47134_jtp_v2i3_1397
Cites_doi 10.1007/s10639-019-10086-2
10.15694/mep.2020.000069.1
10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.06.008
10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0_23
10.1007/bf02294170
10.4018/978-1-5225-2489-2.ch007
10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.308
10.1080/14703290252934603
10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.003
10.1002/9781118619179
10.15700/saje.v37n1a1282
10.1016/b978-044452044-9/50006-9
10.30537/sjcms.v2i1.71
10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4461
10.1108/ijilt-09-2017-0092
10.2307/249008
10.15694/mep.2020.000110.1
10.3390/su10124776
10.1007/bf02288062
10.1007/s12528-019-09243-w
10.1108/ict-07-2013-0046
10.3390/su12124878
10.1007/978-3-030-31129-2_33
10.1177/0047239516661713
10.1002/0471264385.wei0206
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Thi Tinh Thuong Pham et al.
Copyright © 2021 Thi Tinh Thuong Pham et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2021 Thi Tinh Thuong Pham et al.
– notice: Copyright © 2021 Thi Tinh Thuong Pham et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DBID RHU
RHW
RHX
AAYXX
CITATION
0-V
3V.
4U-
7XB
88B
8A4
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
ALSLI
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
CJNVE
COVID
CWDGH
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GUQSH
M0P
M2O
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEDU
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
DOI 10.1155/2021/2669098
DatabaseName Hindawi Publishing Complete
Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals
Hindawi Publishing Open Access
CrossRef
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
University Readers
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Education Database (Alumni Edition)
Education Periodicals
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Databases
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Education Collection
Coronavirus Research Database
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
Education Database
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Education
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Education
University Readers
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
Social Science Premium Collection
Education Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Education Journals
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Professional Education
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Education Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList
Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RHX
  name: Hindawi Publishing Open Access
  url: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
EISSN 2090-4010
Editor Namaziandost, Ehsan
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ehsan
  surname: Namaziandost
  fullname: Namaziandost, Ehsan
EndPage 13
ExternalDocumentID 10_1155_2021_2669098
GroupedDBID -W8
0-V
3V.
4.4
5VS
8A4
8G5
AAFWJ
AAJEY
ABSRN
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ADBBV
AEAQA
AFKRA
AFPKN
AIKWM
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
ARALO
AZQEC
BCNDV
BENPR
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CJNVE
CWDGH
DWQXO
EBS
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
IAO
IER
IHR
KPI
KQ8
M0P
M2O
M~E
OK1
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
RHU
RHW
RHX
RNS
TR2
0R~
24P
AAYXX
ACCMX
CITATION
H13
PHGZM
PHGZT
PQEDU
4U-
7XB
8FK
AAMMB
AEFGJ
AGXDD
AIDQK
AIDYY
COVID
MBDVC
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c2528-cdf1cf16f911c81caba8e2b1bb4885cb33b222ebba294fb8e02a01b41b8d09443
IEDL.DBID RHX
ISSN 2090-4002
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 10:08:14 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:20:17 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:03:44 EDT 2025
Sun Jun 02 18:51:40 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2528-cdf1cf16f911c81caba8e2b1bb4885cb33b222ebba294fb8e02a01b41b8d09443
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-9670-2060
0000-0001-5324-1009
0000-0002-8068-083X
OpenAccessLink https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2669098
PQID 2582650531
PQPubID 1096450
PageCount 13
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2582650531
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_2669098
crossref_citationtrail_10_1155_2021_2669098
hindawi_primary_10_1155_2021_2669098
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2021
  text: 2021-00-00
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle Education research international
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Hindawi
– name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
References 22
M. Habes (2) 2019; 2
23
24
25
A. Costello (4) 2005; 10
26
S. A. Khadija Alhumaid (13) 2020; 6
28
29
N. Bakhuisen (12) 2012
O. Almuhaisen (3) 2020; 7
F. Y. Ong (27) 2015; 5
Y.-W. Liao (10) 2019; 15
K. A. Bollen (35) 1989
11
33
T. K. Shih (31) 2018; 19
14
36
15
16
17
18
19
S. S. Noesgaard (30) 2015; 13
W. G. Cochran (37) 1963
D. G. Kleinbaum (38) 1988
1
5
6
7
8
9
J. C. Nunnally (32) 1994
20
J. F. J. Hair (34) 2006; 31
21
References_xml – ident: 9
  doi: 10.1007/s10639-019-10086-2
– ident: 20
  doi: 10.15694/mep.2020.000069.1
– ident: 7
  doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.06.008
– ident: 21
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0_23
– volume-title: Psychometric Theory
  year: 1994
  ident: 32
– ident: 36
  doi: 10.1007/bf02294170
– volume: 5
  start-page: 17
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 27
  article-title: Critical success factors of E-learning implementation at educational institutions
  publication-title: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Education
– ident: 23
  doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2489-2.ch007
– ident: 24
  doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.308
– ident: 29
  doi: 10.1080/14703290252934603
– volume-title: Sampling Techniques
  year: 1963
  ident: 37
– ident: 15
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.003
– year: 2012
  ident: 12
  article-title: Knowledge sharing using social media in the workplace
– volume: 6
  start-page: 100
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 13
  article-title: COVID-19 & elearning: perceptions & attitudes of teachers towards E-learning acceptance in the developing countries
  publication-title: Multicultural Education
– volume-title: Structural Equations with Latent Variables
  year: 1989
  ident: 35
  doi: 10.1002/9781118619179
– volume: 10
  year: 2005
  ident: 4
  article-title: Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis
  publication-title: PARE
– ident: 11
  doi: 10.15700/saje.v37n1a1282
– volume: 2
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 2
  article-title: The role of modern media technology in improving collaborative learning of students in Jordanian universities
  publication-title: International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies
– volume: 7
  start-page: 261
  issue: 5
  year: 2020
  ident: 3
  article-title: An empirical investigation the use of information, communication technologies to English language acquisition: a case study from the Jordan
  publication-title: International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology
– ident: 6
  doi: 10.1016/b978-044452044-9/50006-9
– ident: 19
  doi: 10.30537/sjcms.v2i1.71
– ident: 1
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4461
– ident: 16
  doi: 10.1108/ijilt-09-2017-0092
– volume-title: Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods
  year: 1988
  ident: 38
– ident: 8
  doi: 10.2307/249008
– volume: 19
  start-page: 29
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 31
  article-title: Grouping peers based on complementary degree and social relationship using genetic algorithm
  publication-title: ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
– ident: 17
  doi: 10.15694/mep.2020.000110.1
– ident: 26
  doi: 10.3390/su10124776
– volume: 13
  start-page: 278
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 30
  article-title: The effectiveness of E-learning: an explorative and integrative review of the definitions, methodologies and factors that promote e-learning effectiveness
  publication-title: Electronic Journal of E-Learning
– ident: 33
  doi: 10.1007/bf02288062
– ident: 25
  doi: 10.1007/s12528-019-09243-w
– ident: 22
  doi: 10.1108/ict-07-2013-0046
– ident: 28
  doi: 10.3390/su12124878
– ident: 14
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-31129-2_33
– volume: 31
  year: 2006
  ident: 34
  article-title: Multivariate data analysis
  publication-title: Technometrics
– ident: 18
  doi: 10.1177/0047239516661713
– volume: 15
  issue: 9
  year: 2019
  ident: 10
  article-title: Exploring the switching intention of learners on social network-based learning platforms: a perspective of the push-pull-mooring model
  publication-title: Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education
– ident: 5
  doi: 10.1002/0471264385.wei0206
SSID ssj0000802780
Score 2.3206308
Snippet The COVID-19 pandemic, a public health crisis of worldwide importance, announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 as an outbreak, has...
SourceID proquest
crossref
hindawi
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Coronaviruses
Course Content
COVID-19
Design
Disease transmission
Distance learning
Education
Educational objectives
Electronic Learning
Hypotheses
Learning Processes
Literature reviews
Online Courses
Online instruction
Pandemics
Research methodology
Self study
Students
Teaching
Teaching Methods
Technology Acceptance Model
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Databases
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1LS8QwEA66IngRn_hYJQc9SbFJk23qRXZXl1VQF194K500VUHXx-4invRv-Pf8JU6arCKinhsa2m8yr8zMR8iahkLUCp4FmrM8EDrOAsVNEUSixgAVphSF7Xc-OKy1z8T-hbzwCbeeL6sc6sRSUed32ubIN7lER1hakdm-fwgsa5S9XfUUGqNkDFWwUhUy1tg97Bx_ZllsJ2lc0qfxMAkxWLLlPK76XUob-LNNtFBJmKhvdmn8ygbET9c_FHRpdVpTZNK7i7Tu8J0mI6Y7Y5mWfVXGLHlBnGnLkebQelmcgcaInriRlb331zfqpolSP0n1kh4N-vjJpkddiyJFF5A2j873dgKW0I5NKt9e6y1ap43s2dgeS-oK9cr7eL8XHQ4zmSNnrd3TZjvwpAqIhuQq0HnBdMFqBWo5rZjOIFOGAwPAoyw1RBGgy2AAMp6IApQJeRYyEAxUjqGgiOZJpXvXNQuE6iQONaDHIEALJSJAO6diUAkKgIzzZJFsDH9pqv3EcUt8cZOWkYeUqQUg9QAskvXP1fdu0sYv69Y8Ov8sqw6hS_2x7KVfQrT09-NlMmFf5nItVVLpPw7MCnoffVj1IvYBOdnWmg
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title The Factors Affecting Students’ Online Learning Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2669098
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2582650531
Volume 2021
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1NSwMxEA1WEbyIn1itJQc9yeImm3Sz3tpqqYqt3_S27GSzKmgV2yKe9G_49_wlTnZTQVT0uJDdhbxkZl4y84aQDQ2ZqGU88TRnqSd0mHiKm8wLRI0BGkwpMlvvfNSptS_EQU_2nEjS4PsVPno7S8_ZNvqRyI9UiZRwgVlS3u59HqXYctEw75HG_chHRmRzdhZ_ev2L85m-tqz36eabFc5dS2uOzLqYkNYLEOfJhOkv2HbKLvVikbwgmLRVdMah9TwDAz0OPSt0KQfvr2-0kAylTi71inZHQ1xLZkCLOkSKcR5tdi_3dz0W0WN7cnx3o3donTaSZ2MLKWmRjZdfurt_0bFiyRK5aO2dN9ue65yAUy658nSaMZ2xWoamTCumE0iU4cAAcL9KDUEAGBcYgIRHIgNlfJ74DAQDlSLfE8Eymezf980KoToKfQ0YFgjQQokA0JmpEFSEKMswjcpkazylsXay4ra7xW2c0wspYwtA7AAok83P0Q-FnMYv4zYcOn8Mq4yhi93eG8RcImWS1ris_u8ra2TGPhYHKxUyOXwcmXUMNYZQJVONvc7xaZWUDk9UNV92Hw0hzZg
linkProvider Hindawi Publishing
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3dTtRAFD7BJUZvjPgTQZS5gCvT0JnOtFMTY5afza7AQhQMd7VnOhUSWNBdQriS1-AlfCifxDOdKYQY9YrrTqbNnK_nb845H8CiwVqmtSgjI3gVSZOVkRa2jhKZciSFqWTt-p23hml_T37YV_tT8LPthXFlla1ObBR1dWJcjnxZKHKElYPM-9NvkWONcrerLYWGh8WGvTinkG38brBG8l0Sore-u9qPAqsAfY4SOjJVzU3N05p-c6O5KbHUViBHJCwrg0mCZDMtYilyWaO2sShjjpKjrigWkgntew-mZZLGogPTK-vDnY_XWR3XuZo1dG0izmMKzlz5kK-2V8olGvgyWcQ8zvUtO3j_wAXg54d_GITGyvUew6PgnrKux9MMTNnRE8fsHKpAnsIPwhXreZIe1m2KQcj4sU9-ROb41-UV89NLWZjc-pVtn03oiO2Y-ZZIRi4nW93-PFiLeM52XBL7-NC8ZV22Ul5Y19PJfGFgc_8f3sXa4SnPYO9Ojvs5dEYnI_sCmMmz2CB5KBKN1DJBsqs6Q50T4FRW5bPwpj3SwoQJ545o46hoIh2lCieAIghgFpauV5_6yR5_WbcYpPOfZfOt6IqgBsbFDWjn_v14AR70d7c2i83BcOMlPHQb-zzPPHQm38_sK_J8Jvg6wI3Bl7tG-G9UQBRc
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3NbtQwELbKViAuiF9RWmAO7QlFGzv2xqmE0LbbVZfCdgUU9ZZmHBsq0W3pblX1BK_Bq_A4PAnj2ClCCDj1HMuJPJ_nL9_MMLZq0MmeE1ViBK8TafIq0cK6JJM9jqQwlXS-3vn1uLe9J1_uq_0F9r2thfG0ylYnNoq6PjY-R94Vihxh5SHTdZEWMRkMX5x8TvwEKf-ntR2nESCyYy_OKXybPR8NSNZrQgy33m1uJ3HCAH2aEjoxtePG8Z6jK280NxVW2grkiIRrZTDLkOynRaxEIR1qm4oq5Sg56priIpnRvtfYYu6jog5b3NgaT95cZnh8FWvejG4TaZFSoOapRIF5r5RPOvAuWcciLfRvNvH6Rx-Mnx_-YRwaize8zW5FVxX6AVt32IKd3vVTniMj5B77QhiDYRjYA_2GGEKGEN6GdpmzH1-_QehkCrGL6wfYPZvTcdsZhPJIIPcTNnffjwYJL2DiE9pHh2Yd-rBRXVhf3wmBJNhwAeK7oG2kcp_tXclxP2Cd6fHUPmRgijw1SN6KRCO1zJBsrM5RFwQ-ldfFEnvWHmlpYrdzP3TjU9lEPUqVXgBlFMASW7tcfRK6fPxl3WqUzn-WrbSiK6NKmJW_APzo34-fshuE7PLVaLyzzG76fUPKZ4V15qdn9jE5QXN8EtEG7OCqAf4THX0YkQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Factors+Affecting+Students%E2%80%99+Online+Learning+Outcomes+during+the+COVID-19+Pandemic%3A+A+Bayesian+Exploratory+Factor+Analysis&rft.jtitle=Education+research+international&rft.au=Pham%2C+Thi+Tinh+Thuong&rft.au=Le%2C+Hoang+Anh&rft.au=Do%2C+Doan+Trang&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=Hindawi&rft.issn=2090-4002&rft.eissn=2090-4010&rft.volume=2021&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155%2F2021%2F2669098&rft.externalDocID=10_1155_2021_2669098
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2090-4002&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2090-4002&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2090-4002&client=summon