The Use of Equipment for the Study of Phase Changes to Determine the Conditions of Precipitation of Inorganic Sediments in Geothermal Waters

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 6; p. 2229
• Main Authors: Kuśnierczyk, Jerzy, Szuflita, Sławomir, Wojnicki, Mirosław, Warnecki, Marcin, Kremieniewski, Marcin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2022
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Chemical precipitation; Consumption; Deposits; Emission standards; Energy resources; Environmental protection; Equilibrium; Geology; geothermal; Geothermal power; Groundwater; Heat; High temperature; Inhibitors; Low temperature; Paraffins; Precipitation; Renewable resources; Reservoirs; Rocks; Sediments; Sludge; water; Poland
• DOI: 10.3390/en15062229
• ISSN: 1996-1073

In Poland, there are low-temperature geothermal reservoirs that can be used for various purposes in many regions of the country. Low-temperature deposits of geothermal waters are common and occur much more frequently than high-temperature deposits. They contain water with temperatures lower than 150 °C. Their temperature normally ranges from 20 to 90 °C. Achieving a state of equilibrium depends on many factors, including the kinetics of reactions between the individual components of the system, temperature, reactivity of reservoir rock, concentration of chemical components in the water and the time the water remains in contact with the rock. Therefore, this article presents the possibility of checking the conditions of precipitation of inorganic sediments in geothermal waters with the use of PVT equipment. Tests were carried out with the use of geothermal waters under given dynamic conditions (pressure, temperature and flow). This paper confirms the suitability of using the equipment for PVT (device for the study of phase changes) testing in order to determine the conditions for the precipitation of inorganic sediments in geothermal projects. Tests on the precipitation of solid sediments in geothermal waters were carried out. A result of the research is the adaptation of the equipment for PVT testing in order to determine the conditions for the precipitation of inorganic deposits in geothermal waters. As a result, different capillary blocking times were obtained depending on the measurement conditions (e.g., for P = 40 bar, T = 120 °C and q = 1 cm3/min, the blocking start time was 10.8 min). The authors found that solid sludge inhibitors, as well as other chemicals used, including paraffin inhibitors, must be periodically adjusted to prevent precipitation in geothermal waters.