An investigation into the X-ray bursts in Cir X-1

We report 155 X-ray bursts from Cir X-1 detected with NICER and 48 with Insight-HXMT, respectively. The K-medoids clustering algorithm was applied to X-ray bursts detected by NICER for classification. These X-ray bursts are classified into two categories, designated as Class A and B. The profile of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inAstronomy and astrophysics (Berlin) Vol. 699; p. A130
Main Authors Yu, Zhuo-Li, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Li, Xiang-Dong, Chen, Yu-Peng, Peng, Jing-Qiang, Shui, Qing-Cang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.07.2025
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract We report 155 X-ray bursts from Cir X-1 detected with NICER and 48 with Insight-HXMT, respectively. The K-medoids clustering algorithm was applied to X-ray bursts detected by NICER for classification. These X-ray bursts are classified into two categories, designated as Class A and B. The profile of Class A resembles that of a typical type I X-ray burst. Class B is weaker and its profile is approximately symmetric. In these X-ray bursts, the shortest recurrence time of ∼300 s observed to date in Cir X-1 is detected. Additionally, no burst is detected prior to MJD 58933 in NICER and Insight-HXMT. The underlying reason for this phenomenon remains unclear and requires further investigation.
AbstractList We report 155 X-ray bursts from Cir X-1 detected with NICER and 48 with Insight-HXMT, respectively. The K-medoids clustering algorithm was applied to X-ray bursts detected by NICER for classification. These X-ray bursts are classified into two categories, designated as Class A and B. The profile of Class A resembles that of a typical type I X-ray burst. Class B is weaker and its profile is approximately symmetric. In these X-ray bursts, the shortest recurrence time of ∼300 s observed to date in Cir X-1 is detected. Additionally, no burst is detected prior to MJD 58933 in NICER and Insight-HXMT. The underlying reason for this phenomenon remains unclear and requires further investigation.
Author Shui, Qing-Cang
Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Chen, Yu-Peng
Peng, Jing-Qiang
Yu, Zhuo-Li
Li, Xiang-Dong
Zhang, Shu
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Zhuo-Li
  surname: Yu
  fullname: Yu, Zhuo-Li
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Shu
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5586-1017
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Shu
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Shuang-Nan
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Xiang-Dong
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Xiang-Dong
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yu-Peng
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Yu-Peng
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Jing-Qiang
  surname: Peng
  fullname: Peng, Jing-Qiang
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Qing-Cang
  surname: Shui
  fullname: Shui, Qing-Cang
BookMark eNo9j81KxDAUhYOMYGf0Cdz0BeLcm5u0yXIo_sGAGwV3IW0TrWgrSRTm7W1xmNXhOxwOfGu2GqfRM3aNcIOgcAsAkldU4VaAUIpqqc9YgZIEh1pWK1acFhdsndLHjAI1FQx3YzmMvz7l4c3lYVooT2V-9-Urj-5Qtj8x5TS3ZTPEucNLdh7cZ_JXx9ywl7vb5-aB75_uH5vdnndCVpn3QQXjsA2qFVqTqLXWyjgicBSkbjGIvqq9gRY6j9IFQ71EZ2pjwHUm0IbR_28Xp5SiD_Y7Dl8uHiyCXazt4mQXJ3uypj_hE0oO
Cites_doi 10.1021/ac60214a047
10.1086/182477
10.1093/mnras/219.4.871
10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/292
10.1007/BF00196124
10.1086/377193
10.1038/379799a0
10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L17
10.1088/2041-8205/719/1/L84
10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222
10.1086/182188
10.3847/1538-4357/ab6dc8
10.1093/mnras/stv2669
10.1051/0004-6361/201322913
10.1017/CBO9780511536281.004
10.1093/mnras/221.1.27P
10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/265
10.1093/mnrasl/slw244
10.1086/340369
10.1093/mnras/stad3696
10.1093/mnras/stt860
10.1086/169895
10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/171
10.1088/1674-4527/18/12/148
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11210.x
10.1051/0004-6361/201527395
10.1086/317313
10.1051/0004-6361/201731281
10.1093/mnras/stv330
10.1007/s11433-019-1432-6
ContentType Journal Article
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202553748
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Astronomy & Astrophysics
Physics
EISSN 1432-0746
ExternalDocumentID 10_1051_0004_6361_202553748
GroupedDBID -DZ
-~X
2.D
23N
2WC
4.4
5GY
5VS
6TJ
85S
AACRX
AAFNC
AAFWJ
AAJMC
AAOGA
AAOTM
AAYXX
ABDNZ
ABDPE
ABNSH
ABPPZ
ABUBZ
ABZDU
ACACO
ACGFS
ACNCT
ACRPL
ACYGS
ACYRX
ADCOW
ADHUB
ADIYS
ADNMO
AEILP
AENEX
AGQPQ
AI.
AIZTS
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
AZPVJ
CITATION
CS3
E.L
E3Z
EBS
EJD
F5P
FRP
GI~
HG6
I09
IL9
LAS
MVM
OHT
OK1
RED
RHV
RIG
RNS
SDH
SJN
TR2
UPT
UQL
VH1
VOH
WH7
XOL
ZY4
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c246t-df5f9a1bf5b28832788859a330a3f48b1f2d67e90b0ce14af93d41a97990ac9f3
ISSN 0004-6361
IngestDate Thu Jul 03 08:26:13 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c246t-df5f9a1bf5b28832788859a330a3f48b1f2d67e90b0ce14af93d41a97990ac9f3
ORCID 0000-0001-5586-1017
OpenAccessLink https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553748/pdf
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202553748
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-07-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-07-00
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin)
PublicationYear 2025
References Li (R20) 1997; 321
Linares (R21) 2010; 719
Kaastra (R14) 2016; 587
Asplund (R3) 2009; 47
van den Eijnden (R34) 2017; 466
Lewin (R19) 1993; 62
Brandt (R5) 2000; 544
Parkinson (R24) 2003; 595
R27
Nicolson (R23) 2007; 985
Zhang (R37) 2020; 63
Jonker (R13) 2007; 374
Heinz (R9) 2015; 806
Kouveliotou (R17) 1996; 379
Toor (R33) 1977; 215
Buccheri (R6) 1983; 128
Angelini (R1) 1991; 371
R7
Savitzky (R26) 1964; 36
in’t Zand (R10) 2014; 562
Keek (R16) 2010; 718
Armstrong (R2) 2013; 433
R30
Yu (R36) 2024; 527
Bagnoli (R4) 2015; 449
van Paradijs (R35) 1986; 157
Rai (R25) 2018; 18
Tennant (R31) 1986; 221
Linares (R22) 2011; 733
Schulz (R29) 2020; 891
Lewin (R18) 1976; 207
R15
in’t Zand (R11) 2017; 606
Schulz (R28) 2002; 572
Johnston (R12) 2016; 456
Tennant (R32) 1986; 219
Heinz (R8) 2013; 779
References_xml – volume: 36
  start-page: 1627
  year: 1964
  ident: R26
  publication-title: Anal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ac60214a047
– volume: 215
  start-page: L57
  year: 1977
  ident: R33
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1086/182477
– volume: 219
  start-page: 871
  year: 1986
  ident: R32
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/219.4.871
– volume: 718
  start-page: 292
  year: 2010
  ident: R16
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/718/1/292
– volume: 62
  start-page: 223
  year: 1993
  ident: R19
  publication-title: Space Sci. Rev.
  doi: 10.1007/BF00196124
– volume: 595
  start-page: 333
  year: 2003
  ident: R24
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1086/377193
– volume: 379
  start-page: 799
  year: 1996
  ident: R17
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/379799a0
– volume: 733
  start-page: L17
  year: 2011
  ident: R22
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/L17
– volume: 128
  start-page: 245
  year: 1983
  ident: R6
  publication-title: A&A
– volume: 719
  start-page: L84
  year: 2010
  ident: R21
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/719/1/L84
– ident: R7
– volume: 157
  start-page: L10
  year: 1986
  ident: R35
  publication-title: A&A
– volume: 47
  start-page: 481
  year: 2009
  ident: R3
  publication-title: ARA&A
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222
– volume: 207
  start-page: L95
  year: 1976
  ident: R18
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1086/182188
– volume: 891
  start-page: 150
  year: 2020
  ident: R29
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6dc8
– volume: 456
  start-page: 347
  year: 2016
  ident: R12
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2669
– volume: 562
  start-page: A16
  year: 2014
  ident: R10
  publication-title: A&A
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322913
– ident: R30
  doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511536281.004
– volume: 321
  start-page: L25
  year: 1997
  ident: R20
  publication-title: A&A
– volume: 221
  start-page: 27P
  year: 1986
  ident: R31
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/221.1.27P
– volume: 806
  start-page: 265
  year: 2015
  ident: R9
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/265
– volume: 466
  start-page: L98
  year: 2017
  ident: R34
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/slw244
– volume: 985
  start-page: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: R23
  publication-title: ATel
– volume: 572
  start-page: 971
  year: 2002
  ident: R28
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1086/340369
– volume: 527
  start-page: 8029
  year: 2024
  ident: R36
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3696
– volume: 433
  start-page: 1951
  year: 2013
  ident: R2
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt860
– ident: R27
– volume: 371
  start-page: 332
  year: 1991
  ident: R1
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1086/169895
– volume: 779
  start-page: 171
  year: 2013
  ident: R8
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/171
– volume: 18
  start-page: 148
  year: 2018
  ident: R25
  publication-title: Res. Astron. Astrophys.
  doi: 10.1088/1674-4527/18/12/148
– volume: 374
  start-page: 999
  year: 2007
  ident: R13
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11210.x
– volume: 587
  start-page: A151
  year: 2016
  ident: R14
  publication-title: A&A
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201527395
– volume: 544
  start-page: L123
  year: 2000
  ident: R5
  publication-title: ApJ
  doi: 10.1086/317313
– volume: 606
  start-page: A130
  year: 2017
  ident: R11
  publication-title: A&A
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731281
– ident: R15
– volume: 449
  start-page: 268
  year: 2015
  ident: R4
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv330
– volume: 63
  start-page: 249502
  year: 2020
  ident: R37
  publication-title: Sci. China Phys., Mech. Astron.
  doi: 10.1007/s11433-019-1432-6
SSID ssj0002183
Score 2.4796042
Snippet We report 155 X-ray bursts from Cir X-1 detected with NICER and 48 with Insight-HXMT, respectively. The K-medoids clustering algorithm was applied to X-ray...
SourceID crossref
SourceType Index Database
StartPage A130
Title An investigation into the X-ray bursts in Cir X-1
Volume 699
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT8MwDI54CIkL4ineygFxgUDTpt16rHgjQBxAGqcpSRttBzY0ugMc-O3YSZeVhxBwqVKrcqXYchz7s03IjjAmboRKswaoMDbVDphsKsWSQgUmLQLdtCNZrm-S83tx2YpbYyivrS4p1YF-_bau5D9SBRrIFatk_yBZzxQIsAb5whMkDM9fyThDmKLvk2FBi5Ur2WID-bIHG_ZcWsDrUXcANF53RbNnjIL3H10DJolvLsxh47CuDVYtTvAwtHmMzrDPrrpfw82d4Xc0WLGbGurHQgdaXSQf96szswo5hLGHp47NqGBJ5LqoHxTOcooIYaxVPLEyrYkbflQZx4y7FMwXqw2GwcEcHVcsUsGrDnbGGR9To9T8p9PLYwptNj3mmE0XbWTT9kwmyXQItwgccHF28eYPavQO3e3I_XfUlCrmh5526JnUHJeaB3I3T-aqqwPNnB4skImit0hWvRjpLs1qQlwkM7dutUR41qMfFIWiolBQFGoVhTpFASoFRQEaXyb3pyd3R-esmpXBdCiSkuUmNqnkysQK50eHGNmIUxlFgYyMaCpuwjxpFGmgAl1wIU0a5YJLTOoGUqcmWiFTvX6vWMUqfvDici6UVnDXBIcWmIVaB3kulJGNZI3sjzai_eRaorR_2Pz1v32-QWbHKrdJpsrBsNgCv69U21Z67xQsTII
linkProvider EDP
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+investigation+into+the+X-ray+bursts+in+Cir+X-1&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+astrophysics+%28Berlin%29&rft.au=Yu%2C+Zhuo-Li&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Shu&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Shuang-Nan&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiang-Dong&rft.date=2025-07-01&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft.eissn=1432-0746&rft.volume=699&rft.spage=A130&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202553748&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1051_0004_6361_202553748
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0004-6361&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0004-6361&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0004-6361&client=summon