Evaluation of toxicities for intravesical drugs in phase 1 bladder cancer trials

• Published in: Cancer Vol. 129; no. 1; pp. 39 - 48
• Main Authors: Doersch, Karen M., Tabayoyong, William B., Bandari, Jathin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Administration, Intravesical; Adverse events; Bladder; Bladder cancer; Cancer; Clinical trials; Constraining; Design optimization; dose‐limiting toxicity; Drug development; Drug dosages; Drugs; Heterogeneity; Humans; Intravenous administration; intravesical chemotherapy; Oncology; Pharmaceutical Preparations; phase 1 clinical trial; serious adverse events; severe adverse events; Toxicity; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy; serious adverse events; intravesical chemotherapy; severe adverse events; phase 1 clinical trial; dose-limiting toxicity
• ISSN: 0008-543X; 1097-0142; 1097-0142
• DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34508

Background Improving clinical trial design is important for optimizing approval of safe and effective drugs. Phase 1 clinical trials seek to determine phase 2 doses by investigating predefined dose‐limiting toxicities. Traditional definitions of dose‐limiting toxicity may not be applicable to intravesical therapies for bladder cancer. This study compared the frequency of dose‐limiting toxicities and serious adverse events in bladder cancer trials for intravesical therapies to other routes of administration. Methods Studies were ed from ClinicalTrials.gov and reconciled with a PubMed search. Primary and secondary end points were predefined before data ion, and the primary end point was subject–level dose‐limiting toxicity rate. Fisher exact tests were performed with p < .05 designated as significant. Results Eighteen intravesical studies and 24 studies with other routes of administration (the per os/intravenous/intramuscular [PO/IV/IM] group) were identified. Dose‐limiting toxicities were reported in 38.9% of intravesical studies, affecting 3.29% of subjects, compared with 30.0% of PO/IV/IM studies representing 4.19% of subjects (p = .52 for study‐level and p = .60 for subject‐level comparisons). Serious adverse events occurred in 53.9% of intravesical studies in 10.3% of subjects versus 91.0% of studies reporting serious adverse events affecting 41.4% of subjects in the PO/IV/IM group (p = .03 for subject‐level and p < .0001 for study‐level comparisons). Conclusions There was no difference in subject–level dose‐limiting toxicity rate between intravesical and PO/IV/IM bladder cancer trials. The serious adverse event rate was lower in the intravesical group. Heterogeneity of dose‐limiting toxicity definition may affect interpretation of toxicity in phase 1 bladder cancer clinical trials studying different routes of administration. Lay summary Bladder cancer is a common cancer type that may be treated with therapies that are instilled into the bladder and act locally, called intravesical therapies. This study used publicly available regulatory data from early phase clinical trials to determine whether measures of tolerability used in clinical trials are applicable to intravesical therapies for bladder cancer. In phase 1 studies, dose‐limiting toxicity may not adequately represent the tolerability of intravesical therapies for bladder cancer. Measures other than dose‐limiting toxicities demonstrate increased tolerability of these therapies compared to therapies with other routes of administration.