Non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides are subject to genotype × environment effects in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain
Sorghum is a staple food for half a billion people and, through growth on marginal land with minimal inputs, is an important source of feed, forage and increasingly, biofuel feedstock. Here we present information about non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides in a diverse set of cultivated and wild...
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| Published in | Journal of cereal science Vol. 63; pp. 64 - 71 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0733-5210 1095-9963 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.02.007 |
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| Abstract | Sorghum is a staple food for half a billion people and, through growth on marginal land with minimal inputs, is an important source of feed, forage and increasingly, biofuel feedstock. Here we present information about non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides in a diverse set of cultivated and wild Sorghum bicolor grains. Sorghum grain contains predominantly starch (64–76%) but is relatively deficient in other polysaccharides present in wheat, oats and barley. Despite overall low quantities, sorghum germplasm exhibited a remarkable range in polysaccharide amount and structure. Total (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan ranged from 0.06 to 0.43% (w/w) whilst internal cellotriose:cellotetraose ratios ranged from 1.8 to 2.9:1. Arabinoxylan amounts fell between 1.5 and 3.6% (w/w) and the arabinose:xylose ratio, denoting arabinoxylan structure, ranged from 0.95 to 1.35. The distribution of these and other cell wall polysaccharides varied across grain tissues as assessed by electron microscopy. When ten genotypes were tested across five environmental sites, genotype (G) was the dominant source of variation for both (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and arabinoxylan content (69–74%), with environment (E) responsible for 5–14%. There was a small G × E effect for both polysaccharides. This study defines the amount and spatial distribution of polysaccharides and reveals a significant genetic influence on cell wall composition in sorghum grain. |
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| AbstractList | Sorghum is a staple food for half a billion people and, through growth on marginal land with minimal inputs, is an important source of feed, forage and increasingly, biofuel feedstock. Here we present information about non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides in a diverse set of cultivated and wild Sorghum bicolor grains. Sorghum grain contains predominantly starch (64–76%) but is relatively deficient in other polysaccharides present in wheat, oats and barley. Despite overall low quantities, sorghum germplasm exhibited a remarkable range in polysaccharide amount and structure. Total (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan ranged from 0.06 to 0.43% (w/w) whilst internal cellotriose:cellotetraose ratios ranged from 1.8 to 2.9:1. Arabinoxylan amounts fell between 1.5 and 3.6% (w/w) and the arabinose:xylose ratio, denoting arabinoxylan structure, ranged from 0.95 to 1.35. The distribution of these and other cell wall polysaccharides varied across grain tissues as assessed by electron microscopy. When ten genotypes were tested across five environmental sites, genotype (G) was the dominant source of variation for both (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and arabinoxylan content (69–74%), with environment (E) responsible for 5–14%. There was a small G × E effect for both polysaccharides. This study defines the amount and spatial distribution of polysaccharides and reveals a significant genetic influence on cell wall composition in sorghum grain. Sorghum is a staple food for half a billion people and, through growth on marginal land with minimal inputs, is an important source of feed, forage and increasingly, biofuel feedstock. Here we present information about non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides in a diverse set of cultivated and wild Sorghum bicolor grains. Sorghum grain contains predominantly starch (64–76%) but is relatively deficient in other polysaccharides present in wheat, oats and barley. Despite overall low quantities, sorghum germplasm exhibited a remarkable range in polysaccharide amount and structure. Total (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan ranged from 0.06 to 0.43% (w/w) whilst internal cellotriose:cellotetraose ratios ranged from 1.8 to 2.9:1. Arabinoxylan amounts fell between 1.5 and 3.6% (w/w) and the arabinose:xylose ratio, denoting arabinoxylan structure, ranged from 0.95 to 1.35. The distribution of these and other cell wall polysaccharides varied across grain tissues as assessed by electron microscopy. When ten genotypes were tested across five environmental sites, genotype (G) was the dominant source of variation for both (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan and arabinoxylan content (69–74%), with environment (E) responsible for 5–14%. There was a small G × E effect for both polysaccharides. This study defines the amount and spatial distribution of polysaccharides and reveals a significant genetic influence on cell wall composition in sorghum grain. |
| Author | Burton, Rachel A. Henderson, Marilyn Betts, Natalie S. Fox, Glen P. Kelly, Alison M. Lahnstein, Jelle Cruickshank, Alan W. Jordan, David R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Natalie S. surname: Betts fullname: Betts, Natalie S. email: natalie.betts@adelaide.edu.au organization: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Glen P. surname: Fox fullname: Fox, Glen P. email: g.fox1@uq.edu.au organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, Queensland 4350, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Alison M. surname: Kelly fullname: Kelly, Alison M. email: alison.kelly@daff.qld.gov.au organization: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Queensland, Leslie Research Facility, Queensland 4350, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Alan W. surname: Cruickshank fullname: Cruickshank, Alan W. email: alan.cruickshank@daff.qld.gov.au organization: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Queensland 4072, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Jelle surname: Lahnstein fullname: Lahnstein, Jelle email: jelle.lahnstein@adelaide.edu.au organization: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: Marilyn surname: Henderson fullname: Henderson, Marilyn email: marilynhenderson1@bigpond.com organization: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: David R. surname: Jordan fullname: Jordan, David R. email: david.jordan@uq.edu.au organization: Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, Queensland 4350, Australia – sequence: 8 givenname: Rachel A. surname: Burton fullname: Burton, Rachel A. email: rachel.burton@adelaide.edu.au organization: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0008-6215(97)10065-9 10.1006/jcrs.1993.1008 10.1016/S0008-6215(97)10064-7 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.005 10.1093/biomet/58.3.545 10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00047-9 10.1371/journal.pone.0089620 10.1038/nature07723 10.1002/bbb.15 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)83332-7 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00386-2 10.1006/jcrs.1995.0030 10.1080/15427528.2013.794181 10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00064-0 10.1094/CCHEM-87-4-0272 10.3389/fpls.2012.00130 10.1016/S0065-2113(04)83002-5 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0414 10.1038/ncomms3320 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00532.x 10.1094/CCHEM-87-4-0263 10.1369/jhc.4B6578.2005 10.1214/ss/1177011926 10.1079/BJN19880007 |
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| SubjectTerms | arabinoxylan barley biofuels Cell wall cell wall components cell walls electron microscopy feedstocks forage genotype germplasm Grain grain sorghum G × E oats Sorghum Sorghum bicolor staple foods tissues wheat |
| Title | Non-cellulosic cell wall polysaccharides are subject to genotype × environment effects in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain |
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