Evaluation of different Maximum Allowable Deficit (MAD) levels for rice under raised bed planting and flat sowing in Pakistan

• Published in: Cogent food & agriculture Vol. 11; no. 1
• Main Authors: Iqbal, Shahzad, Si, Qiaorui, Ali, Asad, Wang, Jian, Abid, Muhammad, Adnan Shahid, Muhammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis Group 31.12.2025
• Subjects: Agriculture & Environmental Sciences; irrigation scheduling; Maximum Allowable Deficit; randomized complete block design; Soil Sciences; Water productivity

Efficient water management in rice cultivation is crucial due to global freshwater scarcity and the need for sustainable agriculture. Freshwater scarcity is a growing global concern, and Pakistan, a water-scarce country, faces further reductions in available water. This study examined the effects of...