Nonlinear Morphoelastic Theory of Biological Shallow Shells with Initial Stress

• Published in: Journal of elasticity Vol. 157; no. 1
• Main Authors: Andrini, D., Chen, X., Ciarletta, P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.02.2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Asymptotic series; Biological activity; Biomechanics; Classical and Continuum Physics; Classical Mechanics; Cylindrical shells; Engineering; Equilibrium equations; Initial stresses; Materials Science; Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences; Shallow shells; Structural behavior; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Elastic shallow shell; 74-10; Marguerre-von Kármán equations; Asymptotic theory; 74G60; Residual stress; 74K25
• ISSN: 0374-3535; 1573-2681
• DOI: 10.1007/s10659-025-10113-z

Shallow shells are widely encountered in biological structures, especially during embryogenesis, when they undergo significant shape variations. As a consequence of geometric frustration caused by underlying biological processes of growth and remodeling, such thin and moderately curved biological structures experience initial stress even in the absence of an imposed deformation. In this work, we perform a rigorous asymptotic expansion from three-dimensional elasticitiy to obtain a nonlinear morphoelastic theory for shallow shells accounting for both initial stress and large displacements. By application of the principle of stationary energy for admissible variation of the tangent and normal displacement fields with respect to the reference middle surface, we derive two generalised nonlinear equilibrium equations of the Marguerre-von Kármán type. We illustrate how initial stress distributions drive the emergence of spontaneous mean and Gaussian curvatures which are generally not compatible with the existence of a stress free configuration. We also show how such spontaneous curvatures influence the structural behavior in the solutions of two systems: a saddle-like and a cylindrical shallow shell.