Effect of Austenizing Temperature on High-Carbon Steels and Its Characterization by Eddy Current Nondestructive Technique

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of austenizing temperature on high-carbon steels. Two types of steels, i.e., AISI-440C and AISI-A2 were selected in this regard. Specimens of these steels were austenized from 950 to 1250°C and then air-cooled; this resulted in major microstru...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inArabian Journal for Science and Engineering Vol. 40; no. 7; pp. 2103 - 2110
Main Authors Khan, S. H., Khan, A. Nusair
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2015
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of austenizing temperature on high-carbon steels. Two types of steels, i.e., AISI-440C and AISI-A2 were selected in this regard. Specimens of these steels were austenized from 950 to 1250°C and then air-cooled; this resulted in major microstructural changes in the specimens. These microstructural changes altered the electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability of the materials. XRD studies revealed that about 80% austenite formed when the subject steels were heat-treated to 1200°C. Eddy current technique was applied for the assessment of these microstructural changes, which influence the eddy current response in the coil. Similar hardness trend was observed for both steels. The magnitude of eddy current can be used to estimate the volume fraction of phases present in these steels. This study revealed that a good correlation existed between eddy current measurements and microstructural changes in these steels.
AbstractList The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of austenizing temperature on high-carbon steels. Two types of steels, i.e., AISI-440C and AISI-A2 were selected in this regard. Specimens of these steels were austenized from 950 to 1250°C and then air-cooled; this resulted in major microstructural changes in the specimens. These microstructural changes altered the electrical resistivity and magnetic permeability of the materials. XRD studies revealed that about 80% austenite formed when the subject steels were heat-treated to 1200°C. Eddy current technique was applied for the assessment of these microstructural changes, which influence the eddy current response in the coil. Similar hardness trend was observed for both steels. The magnitude of eddy current can be used to estimate the volume fraction of phases present in these steels. This study revealed that a good correlation existed between eddy current measurements and microstructural changes in these steels.
Author Khan, S. H.
Khan, A. Nusair
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: S. H.
  surname: Khan
  fullname: Khan, S. H.
  email: shoaibhkhan1@yahoo.com
  organization: Army Public College of Management and Sciences
– sequence: 2
  givenname: A. Nusair
  surname: Khan
  fullname: Khan, A. Nusair
  organization: Army Public College of Management and Sciences
BookMark eNp9kM9OAjEQhxuDiaA-gLe-QLXTXfbPkWxQSIgexPOmtFMogS62XZPl6S3Bs6eZycz3y-SbkJHrHBLyBPwZOC9fAmRZUTMOUwZFBUzckLGAGlguKhiRMWRQs4qL6R2ZhLDnvICqzMZkmBuDKtLO0FkfIjp7tm5L13g8oZex90g7Rxd2u2ON9JvUf0bEQ6DSabqMgTY76aWK6O1ZRpv2m4HOtR5o03uPLtL3zmkM0fcq2h9MyWrn7HePD-TWyEPAx796T75e5-tmwVYfb8tmtmJK5DyyOgeQErCsuZoaaQyvjRS8zITkWOW1AK7RZKXJDWQ6jZWpCmXERkquNZjsnsA1V_kuBI-mPXl7lH5ogbcXd-3VXZvctRd3rUiMuDIh3bot-nbf9d6lN_-BfgENonYT
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.001
10.1016/j.ndteint.2003.09.002
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.003
10.1016/0963-8695(92)90354-J
10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.07.021
10.1007/978-1-4684-4769-9
10.2320/matertrans.MRA2008161
10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.02.008
10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.01.002
10.1007/s13369-015-1591-3
10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.006
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2015
Copyright_xml – notice: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2015
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1007/s13369-015-1681-2
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2191-4281
EndPage 2110
ExternalDocumentID 10_1007_s13369_015_1681_2
GroupedDBID 06D
0VY
23M
29~
2KM
30V
4.4
408
5GY
96X
AAJKR
AARTL
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAZMS
ABTHY
ABULA
ACGFS
ACKNC
ADHHG
ADHIR
AEGNC
AEJHL
AENEX
AEPYU
AETCA
AFWTZ
AFZKB
AGDGC
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHYZX
AIIXL
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMYQR
ANMIH
AYJHY
BGNMA
C1A
ESBYG
ESX
FFXSO
FRRFC
FYJPI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GX1
HF~
HMJXF
HRMNR
HZ~
I0C
IXD
J9A
KOV
M4Y
NU0
O9-
O93
OK1
P9P
R9I
RLLFE
S1Z
S27
S3B
SEG
SHX
T13
U2A
UG4
VC2
W48
WK8
~A9
AAYXX
CITATION
OVT
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c240t-9411aa1e790c5faff09fa20732a0e849210def37f4f13d9218f86cf2baa0dd1f3
IEDL.DBID U2A
ISSN 1319-8025
IngestDate Tue Jul 01 01:33:54 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:36:45 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7
Keywords Nondestructive evaluation
Retained austenite
Eddy current measurements
High-carbon steels
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c240t-9411aa1e790c5faff09fa20732a0e849210def37f4f13d9218f86cf2baa0dd1f3
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_015_1681_2
springer_journals_10_1007_s13369_015_1681_2
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2015-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2015-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2015
  text: 2015-07-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Berlin/Heidelberg
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Berlin/Heidelberg
PublicationTitle Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
PublicationTitleAbbrev Arab J Sci Eng
PublicationYear 2015
Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
References MukhopadhyayT.Kanti DeyT.ChowdhuryR.ChokrabartiA.Structural damage identification using response surface-based multi-objective optimization: a comparative studyArab. J. Sci. Eng.201540410271044332370010.1007/s13369-015-1591-3
GurH.YildizI.Non-destructive investigation on the effect of precipitation hardening on impact toughness of 7020 Al–Zn–Mg alloyMater. Sci. Eng. A200438239540410.1016/j.msea.2004.05.001
KonoplyukS.AbeT.UchimotoT.TakagiT.KurosawaM.Characterization of ductile cast iron by eddy current methodNDT&E20053862362610.1016/j.ndteint.2005.02.008
YasoM.HayashiS.MoritoS.OhbaT.kunichikak.MurakamiK.Characteristics of retained austenite in quenched high C-high Cr alloys steelsMater. Trans.20095027527910.2320/matertrans.MRA2008161
KhanS.H.AliF.KhanA.N.IqbalM.A.Pearlite determination in plain carbon steel by eddy current methodJ. Mater. Process. Technol.200820031631810.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.003
Ruud, C.O.; Green, R.E.: Nondestructive Methods for Material Property Determination, pp. 89–101. Plenum press, New York (1983)
KhanA.N.KhanS.H.AliF.IqbalM.A.Evaluation of ZrO2–24MgO ceramic coating by eddy current methodComput. Mater. Sci.2009441007101210.1016/j.commatsci.2008.07.021
Avner, S.H.: Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, 2nd edn., pp. 404–414. McGRAW-Hill Kogakusha, Ltd, Japan (1974)
CullityB.D.Elements of X-Ray Diffraction19673USAAddison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
RajkumarK.V.RaoB.P.C.SasiS.KumarA.JaykumarT.RajB.RayK.Characterization of aging behavior in M250 grade maraging steel using eddy current non-destructive methodologyMater. Sci. Eng. A200746423324010.1016/j.msea.2007.02.006
KhanS.H.AliF.KhanA.N.IqbalM.A.Investigation of high strength steel bendingEng. Fail. Anal.20091612813510.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.01.002
Davis Joseph, R.: Heat ResistantMaterials, p. 227. ASM Specialty Hand Book, Ohio (2004)
HabibyF.SiddiquiT.N.KhanS.H.Ul HaqA.KhanA.Q.Austenite determination by eddy current measurements in a maraging steelNDT Int.19922514514610.1016/0963-8695(92)90354-J
ZerogougM.LebailiS.BoudjellaH.BenchaalaRelation between mechanical micro-hardness and impedance variations in eddy current testingNDT&E200437A657210.1016/j.ndteint.2003.09.002
B.D. Cullity (1681_CR14) 1967
S. Konoplyuk (1681_CR7) 2005; 38
S.H. Khan (1681_CR10) 2008; 200
H. Gur (1681_CR3) 2004; 382
K.V. Rajkumar (1681_CR9) 2007; 464
A.N. Khan (1681_CR12) 2009; 44
T. Mukhopadhyay (1681_CR8) 2015; 40
F. Habiby (1681_CR5) 1992; 25
M. Yaso (1681_CR2) 2009; 50
M. Zerogoug (1681_CR6) 2004; 37A
1681_CR1
1681_CR4
S.H. Khan (1681_CR11) 2009; 16
1681_CR13
References_xml – reference: GurH.YildizI.Non-destructive investigation on the effect of precipitation hardening on impact toughness of 7020 Al–Zn–Mg alloyMater. Sci. Eng. A200438239540410.1016/j.msea.2004.05.001
– reference: KhanA.N.KhanS.H.AliF.IqbalM.A.Evaluation of ZrO2–24MgO ceramic coating by eddy current methodComput. Mater. Sci.2009441007101210.1016/j.commatsci.2008.07.021
– reference: KonoplyukS.AbeT.UchimotoT.TakagiT.KurosawaM.Characterization of ductile cast iron by eddy current methodNDT&E20053862362610.1016/j.ndteint.2005.02.008
– reference: YasoM.HayashiS.MoritoS.OhbaT.kunichikak.MurakamiK.Characteristics of retained austenite in quenched high C-high Cr alloys steelsMater. Trans.20095027527910.2320/matertrans.MRA2008161
– reference: CullityB.D.Elements of X-Ray Diffraction19673USAAddison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
– reference: Avner, S.H.: Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, 2nd edn., pp. 404–414. McGRAW-Hill Kogakusha, Ltd, Japan (1974)
– reference: RajkumarK.V.RaoB.P.C.SasiS.KumarA.JaykumarT.RajB.RayK.Characterization of aging behavior in M250 grade maraging steel using eddy current non-destructive methodologyMater. Sci. Eng. A200746423324010.1016/j.msea.2007.02.006
– reference: KhanS.H.AliF.KhanA.N.IqbalM.A.Pearlite determination in plain carbon steel by eddy current methodJ. Mater. Process. Technol.200820031631810.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.003
– reference: MukhopadhyayT.Kanti DeyT.ChowdhuryR.ChokrabartiA.Structural damage identification using response surface-based multi-objective optimization: a comparative studyArab. J. Sci. Eng.201540410271044332370010.1007/s13369-015-1591-3
– reference: HabibyF.SiddiquiT.N.KhanS.H.Ul HaqA.KhanA.Q.Austenite determination by eddy current measurements in a maraging steelNDT Int.19922514514610.1016/0963-8695(92)90354-J
– reference: Davis Joseph, R.: Heat ResistantMaterials, p. 227. ASM Specialty Hand Book, Ohio (2004)
– reference: ZerogougM.LebailiS.BoudjellaH.BenchaalaRelation between mechanical micro-hardness and impedance variations in eddy current testingNDT&E200437A657210.1016/j.ndteint.2003.09.002
– reference: KhanS.H.AliF.KhanA.N.IqbalM.A.Investigation of high strength steel bendingEng. Fail. Anal.20091612813510.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.01.002
– reference: Ruud, C.O.; Green, R.E.: Nondestructive Methods for Material Property Determination, pp. 89–101. Plenum press, New York (1983)
– volume: 382
  start-page: 395
  year: 2004
  ident: 1681_CR3
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.001
– volume: 37A
  start-page: 65
  year: 2004
  ident: 1681_CR6
  publication-title: NDT&E
  doi: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2003.09.002
– volume: 200
  start-page: 316
  year: 2008
  ident: 1681_CR10
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.09.003
– volume-title: Elements of X-Ray Diffraction
  year: 1967
  ident: 1681_CR14
– ident: 1681_CR1
– volume: 25
  start-page: 145
  year: 1992
  ident: 1681_CR5
  publication-title: NDT Int.
  doi: 10.1016/0963-8695(92)90354-J
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1007
  year: 2009
  ident: 1681_CR12
  publication-title: Comput. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.07.021
– ident: 1681_CR13
– ident: 1681_CR4
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4769-9
– volume: 50
  start-page: 275
  year: 2009
  ident: 1681_CR2
  publication-title: Mater. Trans.
  doi: 10.2320/matertrans.MRA2008161
– volume: 38
  start-page: 623
  year: 2005
  ident: 1681_CR7
  publication-title: NDT&E
  doi: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.02.008
– volume: 16
  start-page: 128
  year: 2009
  ident: 1681_CR11
  publication-title: Eng. Fail. Anal.
  doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.01.002
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1027
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 1681_CR8
  publication-title: Arab. J. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.1007/s13369-015-1591-3
– volume: 464
  start-page: 233
  year: 2007
  ident: 1681_CR9
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.006
SSID ssj0061873
ssj0001916267
Score 1.9778469
Snippet The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of austenizing temperature on high-carbon steels. Two types of steels, i.e., AISI-440C and AISI-A2...
SourceID crossref
springer
SourceType Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 2103
SubjectTerms Engineering
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Research Article - Physics
Science
Title Effect of Austenizing Temperature on High-Carbon Steels and Its Characterization by Eddy Current Nondestructive Technique
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-015-1681-2
Volume 40
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV05T8MwFLagXWBAnKIclQcmkCXbiZ1krKoegOhCK5UpsmNbYkkQjZDKr-c5B6USDGxJZGX4bL_D732fEbpxWmruIHLTGnKTMNOOaKo4ySIZWSeoFdSTk59mcroIH5Zi2fC4V223e1uSrCz1huwWBNL39gjCZMwI2N2u8Kk7LOIFH2wOViDgqW5Vqs2xZHFVZmaerRODh29Lm7_9cts5bVdGK4czPkQHTaSIB_XUHqEdmx-j_R_6gSdoXWsP48Jhf2Zh89dP-I7nFmLhWisZFzn2rRxkqN41PD-XFpwhVrnB9-UKD7_lmms2JtZrPDJmjRvZJjwrcmMbjdkPi-et4uspWoxH8-GUNHcpkAx8dkmSkDGlmI0SmgmnnKOJUxz2N1fUxmECmZ-xLohc6Fhg4DV2scwc10pRY5gLzlAnL3J7jrAIfM4iZBJKGrrAwNxKxjLObOZpc6qHblsQ07daMiPdiCN7xFNAPPWIp7yH7lqY02b3rP4effGv0Zdoj_u5rZprr1AHwLLXEEKUuo-6g8nL46iPdidL1q8W0BeS0b_-
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV07T8MwELZQGYAB8RTl6YEJZCl2EicZq6pVC20XUqlbZMc-iSVFNEIqv55zHpRKMLAlkZXhs333ne_uMyH3oKUWgMxNa4xNglwD054SLI9kZCH0bOi55uTpTI7mwdMiXDR93Ku22r1NSVaWetPs5vvS1faEjMuYM7S7u8gFYlfHNRe9zcEKEp7qVqXaHEseV2lm7rp1YvTwbWrzt19uO6ftzGjlcIZH5LBhirRXT-0x2bHFCTn4oR94Sta19jBdAnVnFrZ4_cTvNLXIhWutZLosqCvlYH31rvH5pbToDKkqDB2XK9r_lmuuuzGpXtOBMWvayDbR2bIwttGY_bA0bRVfz8h8OEj7I9bcpcBy9NklSwLOleI2Srw8BAXgJaAE7m-hPBsHCUZ-xoIfQQDcN_gaQyxzEFopzxgO_jnpFMvCXhAa-i5mCWUSSC8A3-DcSs5zwW3u2uZUlzy0IGZvtWRGthFHdohniHjmEM9Elzy2MGfN7ln9PfryX6PvyN4onU6yyXj2fEX2hZvnqtD2mnQQOHuDdKLUt9Xy-QI6bcBs
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8NAEF5EQfQgPrE-9-BJCc1ukm1yLLWl9VEEW-gt7GZ3wMum2CDUX-9sHtaCHrwlYcjhm9157Mx8S8gNKKE4YOSmFOYmYabAU77kXtYRHQORbyLfDSc_j8VwGj7Moll9z-mi6XZvSpLVTINjabJFe66hvRp8CwLh-nwij4mYeWiDt9AaM7esp7y7OmTB4Ke8YakyzYLFZcnZSaJp5lFT5vztl-uOar1KWjqfwT7Zq6NG2q3UfEA2jD0kuz-4BI_IsuIhpjlQd35h7NsnfqcTg3FxxZtMc0tdW4fXk-8Kn18Lg46RSqvpqFjQ3jd1czWZSdWS9rVe0prCiY5zq03NN_th6KRhfz0m00F_0ht69b0KXob-u_CSkDEpmekkfhaBBPATkBz3Ope-icMEs0BtIOhACCzQ-BpDLDLgSkpfawbBCdm0uTWnhEaBy18ikYTCDyHQqGfBWMaZydwInWyR2wbEdF7RZ6QromSHeIqIpw7xlLfIXQNzWu-kxd_SZ_-SvibbL_eD9Gk0fjwnO9ypuey5vSCbiJu5xMiiUFfl6vkCq4rEqA
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Austenizing+Temperature+on+High-Carbon+Steels+and+Its+Characterization+by+Eddy+Current+Nondestructive+Technique&rft.jtitle=Arabian+Journal+for+Science+and+Engineering&rft.au=Khan%2C+S.+H.&rft.au=Khan%2C+A.+Nusair&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.issn=1319-8025&rft.eissn=2191-4281&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2103&rft.epage=2110&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13369-015-1681-2&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s13369_015_1681_2
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1319-8025&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1319-8025&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1319-8025&client=summon