From Tumor Targeting to Speech Monitoring: Accurate Respiratory Monitoring Using Medical Continuous-Wave Radar Sensors
Since the debut of medical radar sensors nearly four decades ago, there have been many technical advancements that helped this technology mature. Progresses have been seen from system architectures to signal processing algorithms. Many research efforts have been dedicated to utilize the radar sensor...
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| Published in | IEEE microwave magazine Vol. 15; no. 4; pp. 66 - 76 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Magazine Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
IEEE
01.06.2014
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1527-3342 1557-9581 |
| DOI | 10.1109/MMM.2014.2308763 |
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| Abstract | Since the debut of medical radar sensors nearly four decades ago, there have been many technical advancements that helped this technology mature. Progresses have been seen from system architectures to signal processing algorithms. Many research efforts have been dedicated to utilize the radar sensors for different biomedical applications such as noncontact vital sign detection, human fall detection, through-wall detection, and medical imaging. A special application is radar respiration measurement in motion-adaptive cancer radiotherapy. The radar measures the respiration pattern that is used to infer the tumor location in real time. To realize accurate respiration pattern measurement, the signal distortion problem in a conventional CW radar sensor was extensively analyzed, and the solution led to a dc-coupled radar that is distortion-free. Successful preliminary clinical tests have been carried out using the radar sensor in a radiotherapy environment, demonstrating its feasibility. The same dc-coupled physiological radar sensor solution also shows the potential of monitoring the physical states and speech of the subject person. |
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| AbstractList | Since the debut of medical radar sensors nearly four decades ago, there have been many technical advancements that helped this technology mature. Progresses have been seen from system architectures to signal processing algorithms. Many research efforts have been dedicated to utilize the radar sensors for different biomedical applications such as noncontact vital sign detection, human fall detection, through-wall detection, and medical imaging. A special application is radar respiration measurement in motion-adaptive cancer radiotherapy. The radar measures the respiration pattern that is used to infer the tumor location in real time. To realize accurate respiration pattern measurement, the signal distortion problem in a conventional CW radar sensor was extensively analyzed, and the solution led to a dc-coupled radar that is distortion-free. Successful preliminary clinical tests have been carried out using the radar sensor in a radiotherapy environment, demonstrating its feasibility. The same dc-coupled physiological radar sensor solution also shows the potential of monitoring the physical states and speech of the subject person. Using microwaves to detect small physiological movements such as respiration and heartbeat dates back to the 1970s [1]. It is realized by detecting the phase information in the received radar signals, which is caused by Doppler shift due to the moving chest wall. The principle is similar to the radar guns used by police officers to detect over-speed vehicles. Based on the form of the transmit signal, there are basically two types of radars: continuous-wave (CW) radar and ultrawideband (UWB) radar. The CW radar falls into three subcategories: single-tone, stepped frequency (SFCW), and frequency-modulated CW (FMCW). Each category of radars has its specific advantages. The singletone CW radar has a simple system architecture that allows high-level chip integration [2]?[4]. It also has high accuracy (submillimeter) in relative displacement measurement [5]?[6]. Unfortunately, because no instant bandwidth is transmitted, single-tone CW radars do not carry range (i.e., absolute distance between the radar and the subject) information. FMCW radars are able to detect range information [7]?[8] but normally require a very large bandwidth and more sophisticated signal processing to realize high-accuracy relative displacement measurement. Researchers also have successfully integrated the FMCW radar on silicon chips [9]?[11]. SFCW radars carry some advantages of both singletone CW radars and FMCW radars and thus have been successfully used in applications such as fall detection [23]. In addition, a hybrid radar system combining the advantages of the single-tone and FMCW radars was reported in [12]. UWB biomedical radars have veryhigh-range resolution due to its wideband nature [13]. The state of the art shows that UWB pulse radars have been efficiently implemented on silicon [74] and have been successfully applied to the accurate detection of respiratory rate and apnea in adults and infants [75]. |
| Author | Changzhi Li Changzhan Gu |
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| Snippet | Since the debut of medical radar sensors nearly four decades ago, there have been many technical advancements that helped this technology mature. Progresses... Using microwaves to detect small physiological movements such as respiration and heartbeat dates back to the 1970s [1]. It is realized by detecting the phase... |
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| SubjectTerms | Art exhibits Bandwidth Chips Displacement measurement Doppler radar Frequency modulation Microwave communication Microwaves Monitoring Physiology Radar Radar detection Radar measurements Radar systems Silicon Tumors Ultrawideband |
| Title | From Tumor Targeting to Speech Monitoring: Accurate Respiratory Monitoring Using Medical Continuous-Wave Radar Sensors |
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