Two-dimensional W2C cathodes for fluoride-ion batteries: Achieving fast ion transport via vacancy induction

The two-dimensional W2C sparked widespread interest due to high physicochemical stability and large specific surface area. Fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) are promising candidates in energy storage applications due to excellent properties such as high energy density. Despite such potential, the role o...

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Published inElectrochemistry communications Vol. 179; p. 108007
Main Authors Wang, Chuang, You, Lidong, Sun, Tingting, Zhang, Zichun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.10.2025
Elsevier
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Abstract The two-dimensional W2C sparked widespread interest due to high physicochemical stability and large specific surface area. Fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) are promising candidates in energy storage applications due to excellent properties such as high energy density. Despite such potential, the role of these materials in FIBs needs elucidation, especially regarding the effect of the fluoride ion transport mechanism on the material surface. In this study, the suitability of W2C as a cathode material for FIB was evaluated for the first time using the vacancy induction method based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the diffusion barrier for fluoride ions on the W2C surface is drastically reduced from 0.26 eV to 0.11 eV, and the ion transport efficiency is more than doubled, while a high theoretical voltage of 4.32 V and stable cycling at a concentration of 0–175 % F− are achieved. This is attributed to the fact that vacancy defects reduce the binding affinity of tungsten to fluoride ions and promote desorption of fluoride ions. This study highlights the importance of vacancy-induced techniques in enhancing 2D materials' ion transport capacity, providing valuable insights for advancing high-performance FIB designs. •Vacancy-engineered W2C reduces F− diffusion barrier by 57 % (0.11 eV) and achieves 4.32 V with stable cycling at 0–175 % F−.•W1.78C0.89 shows thermal stability (300–500 K) via AIMD simulations.•Vacancies diversify F− adsorption sites & weaken binding, enabling rapid desorption.
AbstractList The two-dimensional W2C sparked widespread interest due to high physicochemical stability and large specific surface area. Fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) are promising candidates in energy storage applications due to excellent properties such as high energy density. Despite such potential, the role of these materials in FIBs needs elucidation, especially regarding the effect of the fluoride ion transport mechanism on the material surface. In this study, the suitability of W2C as a cathode material for FIB was evaluated for the first time using the vacancy induction method based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the diffusion barrier for fluoride ions on the W2C surface is drastically reduced from 0.26 eV to 0.11 eV, and the ion transport efficiency is more than doubled, while a high theoretical voltage of 4.32 V and stable cycling at a concentration of 0–175 % F− are achieved. This is attributed to the fact that vacancy defects reduce the binding affinity of tungsten to fluoride ions and promote desorption of fluoride ions. This study highlights the importance of vacancy-induced techniques in enhancing 2D materials' ion transport capacity, providing valuable insights for advancing high-performance FIB designs.
The two-dimensional W2C sparked widespread interest due to high physicochemical stability and large specific surface area. Fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) are promising candidates in energy storage applications due to excellent properties such as high energy density. Despite such potential, the role of these materials in FIBs needs elucidation, especially regarding the effect of the fluoride ion transport mechanism on the material surface. In this study, the suitability of W2C as a cathode material for FIB was evaluated for the first time using the vacancy induction method based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the diffusion barrier for fluoride ions on the W2C surface is drastically reduced from 0.26 eV to 0.11 eV, and the ion transport efficiency is more than doubled, while a high theoretical voltage of 4.32 V and stable cycling at a concentration of 0–175 % F− are achieved. This is attributed to the fact that vacancy defects reduce the binding affinity of tungsten to fluoride ions and promote desorption of fluoride ions. This study highlights the importance of vacancy-induced techniques in enhancing 2D materials' ion transport capacity, providing valuable insights for advancing high-performance FIB designs. •Vacancy-engineered W2C reduces F− diffusion barrier by 57 % (0.11 eV) and achieves 4.32 V with stable cycling at 0–175 % F−.•W1.78C0.89 shows thermal stability (300–500 K) via AIMD simulations.•Vacancies diversify F− adsorption sites & weaken binding, enabling rapid desorption.
ArticleNumber 108007
Author Sun, Tingting
Zhang, Zichun
You, Lidong
Wang, Chuang
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Keywords Ion transport
First principles
Fluoride-ion battery
Vacancy induction
Language English
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Snippet The two-dimensional W2C sparked widespread interest due to high physicochemical stability and large specific surface area. Fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) are...
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StartPage 108007
SubjectTerms First principles
Fluoride-ion battery
Ion transport
Vacancy induction
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Title Two-dimensional W2C cathodes for fluoride-ion batteries: Achieving fast ion transport via vacancy induction
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